[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-45997-en":3,"doc-seo-45997-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},45997,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",2,"Literature","Michael Crichton Timeline","A reflective science overview frames how late-19th-century discoveries disrupted settled physics expectations and reshaped the 20th century. It contrasts historical certainty with outcomes like new theories, quantum mechanics, and technologies that transformed daily life. The text then turns to the 1990s revival of quantum technology, highlighting quantum ultrasecure messaging, interaction-free detection, and quantum teleportation experiments while emphasizing their challenge to common sense and their likely expansion in the early 21st century.","Timeline  \nby  \nMichael Crichton  \nFor Taylor  \n\"All the great empires of the future will be empires of the mind. \"WINSTON CHURCHILL, 1953  \n\"If you don't know history, you don't know anything. \"EDWARD JOHNSTON, 1990  \n\"I'm not interested in the future . I'm interested in the future of the future . \"ROBERT DONIGER, 1996  \nINTRODUCTION  \nScience at the End of the Century  \nA hundred years ago, as the nineteenth century drew to a close, scientists around the world were satisfied that they had arrived at an accurate picture of the physical world . As physicist Alastair Rae put it, \"By the end of the nineteenth century it seemed that the basic fundamental principles governing the behavior of the physical universe were known . \"* Indeed, many scientists said that the study of physics was nearly completed: no big discoveries remained to be made, only details and finishing touches .  \nBut late in the final decade, a few curiosities came to light. Roentgen discovered rays that passed through flesh; because they were unexplained, he called them X rays . Two months later, Henri Becquerel accidentally found that a piece of uranium ore emitted something that fogged photographic plates . And the electron, the carrier of electricity, was discovered in 1897.  \nYet on the whole, physicists remained calm, expecting that these oddities would eventually be explained by existing theory . No one would have predicted that within five years their complacent view of the world would be shockingly upended, producing an entirely new conception of the universe and entirely new technologies that would transform daily life in the twentieth century in unimaginable ways .  \nIf you were to say to a physicist in 1899 that in 1999, a hundred years later, moving images would be transmitted into homes all over the world from satellites in the sky; that bombs of unimaginable power would threaten the species; that antibiotics would abolish infectious disease but that disease would fight back; that women would have the vote, and pills to control reproduction; that millions of people would take to the air every hour in aircraft capable of taking off and landing without human touch; that you could cross the Atlantic at two thousand miles an hour; that humankind would travel to the moon, and then lose interest; that microscopes would be able to see individual atoms; that people would carry telephones weighing a few ounces, and speak anywhere in the world without wires; or that most of these miracles depended on devices the size of a postage stamp, which utilized a new theory called quantum mechanics - if you said all this, the physicist would almost certainly pronounce you mad .  \nMost of these developments could not have been predicted in 1899, because prevailing scientific theory said they were impossible. And for the few developments that were not impossible, such as airplanes, the sheer scale of their eventual use would have defied comprehension. One might have imagined an airplane -but ten thousand airplanes in the air at the same time would have been beyond imagining.  \nSo it is fair to say that even the most informed scientists, standing on the threshold of the twentieth century, had no idea what was to come.  \nNow that we stand on the threshold of the twenty-first century, the situation is oddly similar. Once again, physicists believe the physical world has been explained, and that no further revolutions lie ahead . Because of prior history, they no longer express this view publicly, but they think it just the same. Some observers have even gone so far as to argue that science as a discipline has finished its work; that there is nothing important left for science to discover. But just as the late nineteenth century gave hints of what was to come, so the late twentieth century also provides some clues to the future . One of the most important is the interest in socalled quantum technology . This is an effort on many fronts to create a new technology that utilize","cbCaiiIVlB8F5L4Z","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiIVlB8F5L4Z","pdf",634910,1,192,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Science at the End of the Century\n## Quantum Technology and Common Sense\n## Early Quantum Results in the 1990s","[{\"question\":\"What does the introduction say about scientists’ confidence at the end of the 19th century?\",\"answer\":\"It describes scientists as largely satisfied with an accurate picture of physical reality and believing major discoveries were finished, with only details remaining.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the text claim the 20th century brought unexpected revolutions?\",\"answer\":\"Because late 19th-century “oddities” like X rays, radioactivity, and the electron led to a completely new conception of the universe and technologies that could not have been predicted.\"},{\"question\":\"What quantum technology developments in the 1990s are highlighted?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights quantum ultrasecure messaging, interaction-free detection via counterfactual measurement, and quantum teleportation demonstrated across multiple laboratories in 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