[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-45996-en":3,"doc-seo-45996-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":11,"is_downloadable":11,"audit_status":11,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},45996,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",1,"Story & Novel","Michael Crichton The Lost World","Michael Crichton’s The Lost World presents an introduction to extinction research, tracing how scientific thinking evolved from early observations of species loss to renewed urgency in the late twentieth century. It examines human-driven habitat loss, pollution, and possible climate effects, then connects contemporary concerns with debates over dinosaur extinction at the K-T boundary. The text covers the Alvarez iridium discovery, the meteor-impact hypothesis, and the ensuing long-running controversy, including Ian Malcolm’s dismissal of impact speculation.","The Lost World  \nMichael Crichton  \nCENTURY  \nPublished by Century Books in 1995  \n1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2  \n(c) Michael Crichton 1995  \nEndpaper map copyright (c) David Cain 1995  \nEndpaper dinosaur illustrations (c) Gregory Wenzel 1995  \nThe right of Michael Crichton has been asserted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 to be identified as the author of this work  \nThis book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser  \nFirst published in the United Kingdom by Century Books  \nRandom House UK Limited  \n20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, SW1V 2SA  \nRandom House, Australia (Pty) Limited  \n20 Alfred Street, Milsons Point, Sydney, New South Wales 2061, Australia  \nRandom House New Zealand Limited  \n18 Poland Road, Glenfield, Auckland 10, New Zealand  \nRandom House South Africa (Pry) Limited PO Box 337, Bergvlei, South Africa  \nRandom House UK Limited Reg. No. 954009  \nA CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library  \nPapers used by Random House UK Limited are natural, recyclable products made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.  \nISBN 0 7126 76902  \nPrinted and bound in Great Britain by Mackays of Chatham PLC, Chatham, Kent  \nTo Carolyn Conger  \n\"What really interests me is whether God had any choice in the creation of the world.\"  \nALBERT EINSTEIN  \n\"Deep in the chaotic regime, slight changes in structure almost always cause vast changes in behavior. Complex controllable behavior seems precluded.\"  \nSTUART KAUFFMAN  \n\"Sequelae are inherently unpredictable.\"  \nIAN MALCOLM  \nIntroduction:  \n\"Extinction at the K-T Boundary\"  \nThe late twentieth century has witnessed a remarkable growth in scientific interest in the subject of extinction.  \nIt is hardly a new subject-Baron Georges Cuvier had first demonstrated that species became extinct back in 1786, not long after the American Revolution. Thus the fact of extinction had been accepted by scientists for nearly three-quarters of a century before Darwin put forth his theory of evolution. And after Darwin, the many controversies that swirled around his theory did not often concern issues of extinction.  \nOn the contrary, extinction was generally considered as unremarkable as a car running out of gas. Extinction was simply proof of failure to adapt. How species adapted was intensely studied and fiercely debated. But the fact that some species failed was hardly given a second thought. What was there to say about it? However, beginning in the 1970s, two developments began to focus attention on extinction in anew way.  \nThe first was the recognition that human beings were now very numerous, and were altering the planet ata very rapid rate-eliminating traditional habitats, clearing the rain forest, polluting air and water, perhaps even changing global climate. In the process, many animal species were becoming extinct. Some scientists cried out in alarm; others were quietly uneasy. How fragile was the earth's ecosystem? Was the human  \nspecies engaged in behavior that would eventually lead to its own extinction?  \nNo one was sure. Since nobody had ever bothered to study extinction in an organized way, there was little information about rates of extinction in other geological eras. So scientists began to look closely at extinction in the past, hoping to answer anxieties about the present.  \nThe second development concerned new knowledge about the death of the dinosaurs. It had long been known that all dinosaur species had become extinct in a relatively short time at the end of the Cretaceous era, approximately sixty-five million years ago. Exactly how quickly those","cbCaiqTFGjcU0Eax","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqTFGjcU0Eax","pdf",829932,3,184,"English","en",105,"# Introduction: \"Extinction at the K-T Boundary\"\n## Historical perspectives on extinction\n## Human influence and ecosystem fragility\n## Dinosaur deaths and the K-T boundary hypothesis\n## Controversies over impact and extinction causes","[{\"question\":\"What major late-twentieth-century factors brought extinction into sharper scientific focus?\",\"answer\":\"Growing recognition that humans were rapidly altering habitats, clearing forests, polluting air and water, and possibly affecting global climate led many scientists to question ecosystem fragility and long-term survival risks.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the 1980 Alvarez discovery relate to dinosaur extinction theories?\",\"answer\":\"High iridium concentrations at the K-T boundary were interpreted as evidence of a giant meteorite impact, with dust and debris hypothesized to darken skies, disrupt photosynthesis, and end the dinosaurs’ reign.\"},{\"question\":\"What was Ian Malcolm’s stance on the meteor-impact debate by 1993?\",\"answer\":\"At a 1993 seminar, Malcolm argued that the key questions about meteor craters and cyclic catastrophe were irrelevant, describing the impact speculation as frivolous and nonessential.\"}]",1783469518,283,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"michael-crichton-the-lost-world","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,52,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,49],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/story-novel/",{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/michael-crichton-the-lost-world/45996/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":40,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-14","2026-07-08",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What major late-twentieth-century factors brought extinction into sharper scientific focus?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Growing recognition that humans were rapidly altering habitats, clearing forests, polluting air and water, and possibly affecting global climate led many scientists to question ecosystem fragility and long-term survival risks.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How did the 1980 Alvarez discovery relate to dinosaur extinction theories?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"High iridium concentrations at the K-T boundary were interpreted as evidence of a giant meteorite impact, with dust and debris hypothesized to darken skies, disrupt photosynthesis, and end the dinosaurs’ reign.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"What was Ian Malcolm’s stance on the meteor-impact debate by 1993?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"At a 1993 seminar, Malcolm argued that the key questions about meteor craters and cyclic catastrophe were irrelevant, describing the impact 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