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Differentially methylated probes/regions are analyzed with ROC and survival methods, while real-time PCR measures IGF2 and INS-IGF2 expression.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/methylation-changes-and-ins-igf2-expression-predict-progression-in-early-stage-wilms-tumor/332786/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/methylation-changes-and-ins-igf2-expression-predict-progression-in-early-stage-wilms-tumor/332786.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the study’s main goal for early-stage Wilms tumor patients?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To evaluate whether DNA methylation patterns can predict disease progression and early relapse risk in stage I–II patients with favorable histology.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were DNA methylation changes measured and compared?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Genome-wide methylation was assessed using methylation microarrays on tumor tissues from relapsed and complete-response patients, with normal tissues as controls, followed by analysis of differentially methylated probes and regions.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What relationship does INS-IGF2 expression have with relapse in this research?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Increased INS-IGF2 expression is associated with relapse, supporting its role in Wilms tumor progression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332786,1790014996,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","Jalal et al. Clinical Epigenetics (2024) 16:170 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-024-01775-y](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-024-01775-y)  \nClinical Epigenetics  \n RESEARCH Open Access  \nMethylation changes and INS‑IGF2  \nexpression predict progression in early-stage Wilms tumor  \nDeena Jalal1, Mohamed Y. Ali 1, Naglaa Elkinaai2,3, Abdelaziz S. Abdelaziz2, Wael Zekri4,5 and Ahmed A. Sayed 1,6*  \nAbstract  \nWilms tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer, accounts for 5% of childhood cancers and is classified by stage and histological subtype. Despite high survival rates (80–85%), approximately 15% of patients experi  \nence relapse, reducing survival to around 50% . Epigenetic changes, particularly DNA methylation, play a critical role in Wilms tumor pathogenesis. This study investigates the prognostic potential of DNA methylation in stage I and II patients with favorable histology, aiming to identify early relapse biomarkers. Genome-wide methylation was assessed using methylation microarrays in tumor tissues from relapsed patients (n = 9) and those with complete responses (n = 9), alongside normal tissues (n = 3 each) . Differentially methylated probes and regions were analyzed, with additional ROC and survival analyses. Real-time PCR was used to measure IGF2 and INS-IGF2 gene expression. The analysis revealed hypomethylation in intergenic regions in remission patients, identifying 14 differentially methylated positions as potential biomarkers. Increased INS-IGF2 expression was associated with relapse, suggesting its role in disease progression. While the study concentrated on stages I and II patients, where relapse rates are lower, this focus inherently led to a smaller sample size. Despite this, the findings provide valuable insights into the potential role of DNA methylation markers for monitoring disease progression and guiding personalized treatment in Wilms tumor patients. Keywords Wilms tumor, DNA methylation, Epigenetic biomarkers, INS-IGF2 transcript  \nGraphical abstract  \nGenome methylation analysis of WT tumor and normal tissues from complete remission and relapse patients revealed 14 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and three differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in tumor samples between both groups. Most DMPs demonstrated strong predictive performance for overall and event-free  \n*Correspondence: Ahmed A. Sayed [ahmad.sayed@57357.org](ahmad.sayed@57357.org)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)[.](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)  \nJalal et al. Clinical Epigenetics (2024) 16:170 Page 2 of 13  \nsurvival. RNA expression analysis showed elevated INS-IGF2 levels in relapse tumor tissue, highlighting its role in WT progression.  \nBackground  \nWilms tumor (WT), also known as nephroblastoma, is the most commonly observed renal tumor within the genitourinary tract of children and constitutes 5% of all childhood malignancies [1]. WTs are usually classified by location, spread and number of kidneys involved to stages I–V, and by histological subtype to favora","cbCairQIpsZMh2bH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairQIpsZMh2bH","pdf",3976518,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Background","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main goal for early-stage Wilms tumor patients?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate whether DNA methylation patterns can predict disease progression and early relapse risk in stage I–II patients with favorable histology.\"},{\"question\":\"How were DNA methylation changes measured and compared?\",\"answer\":\"Genome-wide methylation was assessed using methylation microarrays on tumor tissues from relapsed and complete-response patients, with normal tissues as controls, followed by analysis of differentially methylated probes and regions.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship does INS-IGF2 expression have with relapse in this research?\",\"answer\":\"Increased INS-IGF2 expression is associated with relapse, supporting its role in Wilms tumor progression.\"}]","Methylation changes and INS‑IGF2 expression predict progression in early-stage Wilms tumor | PDF",1789999509,33]