[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-405567-105":59,"doc-detail-405567-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","methods-of-diagnosing-speech-sound-disorders-in-multilingual-children-article","Methods of Diagnosing Speech Sound Disorders in Multilingual Children - Article","","Identification of speech sound disorder (SSD) in multilingual children presents clinical challenges for speech-language pathologists due to limited evidence-based resources comparable to those available for monolingual populations. The article describes multilingual speech acquisition features, evidence-based resources supporting differential diagnosis across understudied language paradigms, and culturally responsive practices across diverse linguistic contexts. It outlines approaches for accurate diagnosis in ages 2–8 and summarizes validation and dialect-specific findings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/methods-of-diagnosing-speech-sound-disorders-in-multilingual-children-article/405567/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/methods-of-diagnosing-speech-sound-disorders-in-multilingual-children-article/405567.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is diagnosing speech sound disorder (SSD) in multilingual children challenging?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is challenging because clinicians often lack clinical resources that support accurate identification of SSD in multilingual children at the same level as for monolingual children.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What diagnostic approaches does the article describe?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It describes approaches including considering adult speech models, completing validation studies, and streamlining evidence-informed techniques for children aged 2–8.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results and conclusions emphasize about culturally responsive practice?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Findings highlight dialect-specific features and validated tools for functional speech intelligibility and production accuracy. The article concludes that culturally responsive methods provide a useful framework, best implemented locally based on linguistic, cultural, and geographic context.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},405567,1790717156,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","| Tutorial\u003Cbr>Methods of Diagnosing Speech Sound Disorders in Multilingual Children\u003Cbr>Karla N. Washington,a,b,c  Kathryn Crowe,a,d,e  Sharynne McLeod,e  Kate Margetson,e  Nicole B. M. Bazzocchi,a  Leslie E. Kokotek,b  Pauline van der Straten Waillet,f  Thora Másdóttir,d  and Marc D. S. Volhardtg \u003Cbr>a Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada b Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH c The Institute for Education Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada d School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík e Children’s Voices Centre, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia f Faculty of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Speech-Language Pathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium g School of Humanities, University of Iceland, Reykjavík |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O\u003Cbr>Article History:\u003Cbr>Received August 18, 2024\u003Cbr>Revision received November 27, 2024 Accepted March 3, 2025\u003Cbr>Editor-in-Chief: Kelly Farquharson\u003Cbr>Editor: Shari L. DeVeney\u003Cbr>[https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_LSHSS-24-00099](https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_LSHSS-24-00099) | A B S T R A C T |\n|  | Purpose: Identification of speech sound disorder (SSD) in children who are multilingual is challenging for many speech-language pathologists (SLPs) . This maybe due to a lack of clinical resources to accurately identify SSD in multilingual children as easily as for monolingual children. The purpose of this article is to describe features of multilingual speech acquisition, identify evidence-based resources for the differential diagnosis of SSD in speakers of understudied language paradigms, and demonstrate how culturally responsive practices can be achieved in different linguistic contexts.\u003Cbr>Method: Examples of different approaches used to inform accurate diagnosis of SSD in 2-to 8-year-old multilingual children are described. The approaches used included (a) considering adult speech models, (b) completing validation studies, and (c) streamlining evidence-informed techniques. These methods were applied across four different language paradigms in countries within the Global North and Global South (e.g. , Jamaican Creole–English, Jamaica; Vietnamese–English, Australia; French and additional languages, Belgium; Icelandic–Polish, Iceland) . The culturally responsive nature of approaches in each cultural/linguistic setting is highlighted as well as the broader applicability of these approaches.\u003Cbr>Results: Findings related to dialect-specific features, successful validation of tools to describe functional speech intelligibility and production accuracy, and the utility of different techniques applied in the diagnosis of SSD are outlined. Conclusions: Culturally responsive methods offer a useful framework for guiding SLPs’ diagnostic practices. However, successful application of these practices is best operationalized at a local level in response to the linguistic, cultural, and geographic context.\u003Cbr>Supplemental Material: [https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29090000](https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29090000) |\n\nThere are over 7,000 languages spoken in the world (Eberhard et al., 2024), with more than half of all people in the world who speak two or more of these languages (Grosjean, 2021) . Speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) potential contact with multilingual children has increased  \nCorrespondence to Karla N. Washington: karla.washington@utoronto. ca. Publisher Note: This article is part of the Forum: Changemakers Igniting Innovation. Disclosure: The authors have declared that no competing financial or nonfinancial interests existed at the time of publication.  \nwith the unprecedented rise in international migration (International Organization for Migration, 2022) . A broad definition of multilingualism is used in this article to encompass both bilingualism and multilingualism. Multilingualism is defined as: “People who are multilingual, including c","cbCaikgH6QzvKSPl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikgH6QzvKSPl","pdf",664630,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Method\n## Results\n## Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"Why is diagnosing speech sound disorder (SSD) in multilingual children challenging?\",\"answer\":\"It is challenging because clinicians often lack clinical resources that support accurate identification of SSD in multilingual children at the same level as for monolingual children.\"},{\"question\":\"What diagnostic approaches does the article describe?\",\"answer\":\"It describes approaches including considering adult speech models, completing validation studies, and streamlining evidence-informed techniques for children aged 2–8.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results and conclusions emphasize about culturally responsive practice?\",\"answer\":\"Findings highlight dialect-specific features and validated tools for functional speech intelligibility and production accuracy. The article concludes that culturally responsive methods provide a useful framework, best implemented locally based on linguistic, cultural, and geographic context.\"}]","Methods of Diagnosing Speech Sound Disorders in Multilingual Children - Article | PDF",1790560605,48]