[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-432726-105":59,"doc-detail-432726-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","metaphors-in-cancer-care-cultural-insights-from-spanish-and-mexican-physicianpatient-interactions","Metaphors in cancer care - Cultural insights from Spanish and Mexican physician–patient interactions","","Qualitative analysis of metaphor use in Spanish-language oncology consultations, comparing Mexican Spanish and peninsular Spanish while examining variation between physicians and patients. Fifty audio-recorded, real-time consultations (25 from Mexico, 25 from Spain) were coded with the Metaphor Identification Procedure, focusing on cancer-related metaphors such as “path” for treatment and “fights” for medication. Patients used slightly more metaphors; journey metaphors were most frequent and battle metaphors served distinct functions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/metaphors-in-cancer-care-cultural-insights-from-spanish-and-mexican-physicianpatient-interactions/432726/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/metaphors-in-cancer-care-cultural-insights-from-spanish-and-mexican-physicianpatient-interactions/432726.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the study’s main objective regarding metaphors in cancer care?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study examines how metaphors are used in Spanish-language oncology consultations, comparing Mexican Spanish with peninsular Spanish and assessing differences between physicians and patients.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How were metaphors identified and coded in the research?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"The study analyzed 50 audio-recorded, real-time oncology consultations and used the Metaphor Identification Procedure to systematically code cancer-related metaphors.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What metaphor types were most common and how did their use differ between patients and physicians?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Journey metaphors were the most frequently used across groups, while battle metaphors were second most common. Doctors mainly used battle metaphors to explain treatment and motivate patients, whereas patients often used them to express emotional and physical vulnerability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},432726,1790660985,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","PEC Innovation 8 (2026) 100449  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nPEC Innovation  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pecinn)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/pecinn](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pecinn)  \n| Metaphors in cancer care: Cultural insights from Spanish and Mexican physician–patient interactions\u003Cbr>Dalia Maga˜na *\u003Cbr>Department of Literature, Languages & Cultures, University of California, Merced, CA, USA |  |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |  |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Patient–physician communication Conceptual metaphor\u003Cbr>Cancer discourse Cultural competence Spanish language Oncology |  | Objectives: This qualitative study examines the use of metaphors in Spanish-language oncology consultations, highlighting differences between Mexican Spanish and peninsular Spanish and exploring how metaphor use varies between physicians and patients.\u003Cbr>Methods: Metaphors are common across languages and offer insight into how people conceptualize illness, treatment, and emotional experience. This study analyzed 50 audio-recorded, real-time oncology consultations—25 from Mexico and 25 from Spain—drawn from a corpus of naturally occurring physician–patient interactions. Using the Metaphor Identification Procedure, we systematically coded cancer-related metaphors, such as referring to treatment as a “path” or medication as something that “fights” the disease.\u003Cbr>Results: Patients use slightly more metaphorical expressions than their physicians. Journey metaphors were the most frequently used across all groups. Battle metaphors were the second most common, though their use varied: doctors primarily used metaphors to explain treatment and motivate patients, while patients often used them to express emotional and physical vulnerability. Differences between varieties of Spanish also revealed culturally specific metaphorical language.\u003Cbr>Conclusions: Metaphor use is a plain language strategy in oncology. Recognizing how metaphors are used indifferent Spanish-speaking contexts can enhance culturally and linguistically responsive care. Greater practitioner awareness of metaphorical language can improve patient understanding, reduce confusion, and foster more empathetic, person-centered communication.\u003Cbr>Practical value: Incorporating culturally appropriate metaphors—tailored to specific language varieties and patient experiences—can support clearer communication, especially in oncology care. This study provides practical examples that can inform training for healthcare providers working with Spanish-speaking populations in the U. S., particularly those of Mexican origin.\u003Cbr>Innovation: This study is innovative in highlighting cultural differences between two Spanish-speaking cultures, showing that while battle and journey metaphors are the most common, patients primarily use them to express pain, struggle, and vulnerability rather than resilience or strength. |  |\n\n1. Introduction  \nCancer is a complex and life-altering illness. People diagnosed with cancer frequently experience confusion, fear, frustration, and despair as they navigate treatment options and face uncertainty about their prognosis. In addition to limited understanding of the disease, the risks of treatments, and the roles of different healthcare providers [1], poor communication between patients and providers, particularly regarding treatment expectations and pain management preferences, contributes  \nto their confusion [2,3]. One large-scale study found the majority of participants with stage IV cancer did not understand that chemotherapy was unlikely to cure their disease [3]. Ineffective communication has serious health consequences, including non-adherence to treatment [4]. For example, inadequate communication, lack of opportunity to ask questions, and insufficient provider engagement play a role in failure toadhere to oral endocrine therapy among breast cancer patients despite its proven benefits [5].  \nSo","cbCaiqfepzONd4nO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqfepzONd4nO","pdf",627902,"English","# Introduction\n# Objectives\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Practical value\n# Innovation","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s main objective regarding metaphors in cancer care?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how metaphors are used in Spanish-language oncology consultations, comparing Mexican Spanish with peninsular Spanish and assessing differences between physicians and patients.\"},{\"question\":\"How were metaphors identified and coded in the research?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzed 50 audio-recorded, real-time oncology consultations and used the Metaphor Identification Procedure to systematically code cancer-related metaphors.\"},{\"question\":\"What metaphor types were most common and how did their use differ between patients and physicians?\",\"answer\":\"Journey metaphors were the most frequently used across groups, while battle metaphors were second most common. Doctors mainly used battle metaphors to explain treatment and motivate patients, whereas patients often used them to express emotional and physical vulnerability.\"}]","Metaphors in cancer care - Cultural insights from Spanish and Mexican physician–patient interactions | PDF",18]