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Using a multi-site exploratory qualitative approach across rural and suburban high, middle, and elementary schools, the study analyzes fourteen principals’ metaphor use. The work addresses which metaphors principals employ and what insights those metaphors reveal about their leadership perceptions during implementation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/metaphors-and-meaning-principals-perceptions-of-teacher-evaluation-implementation/601723/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/metaphors-and-meaning-principals-perceptions-of-teacher-evaluation-implementation/601723.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"ahduag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the central focus of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study explores how principals use metaphors to understand and conceptualize the implementation of a significantly changed teacher evaluation system.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"When did the teacher evaluation system begin under the state mandate?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The system began with the 2011-2012 school year, following legislative requirements for more rigorous standards.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What research questions guide the analysis of metaphor use?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study asks what metaphors principals use to make sense of the change and what insights those metaphors provide about principals’ perceptions of implementation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},601723,1792161025,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},3985747870414,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Metaphors and Meaning: Principals’Perceptions of Teacher Evaluation Implementation  \nMary Lynne Derrington  \nUniversity of Tennessee  \nThis Southeastern state was awarded one of the first two Race to The Top (RTTT) grants the U. S. Department of Education funded. A key piece of the state’s winning application was a legislative mandate to implement an intensive, quantitative, and accountability driven teacher evaluation system beginning with the 2011-2012 school year. The new law required compliance with far more rigorous minimum standards for frequency, type, scoring, and reporting of teacher evaluations. The relatively quick policy overhaul, coupled with higherstakes accountability, affected principals’ instructional leadership and customary school practice. This multi-site exploratory qualitative study examined fourteen K-12 principals’perspectives. The sites included four high schools, five middle schools, and five elementary schools located in rural and suburban areas.  \nPurpose and Questions  \nThis study explored principals’use of metaphors and added to previous research by applying the concept of metaphor use to describing the implementation of a significantly changed teacher evaluation system in a Southeastern Race to the Top state. The purpose was to better understand principals’perceptions of leadership experience during this implementation. This study focused on answering the following:  \n1. What metaphors do principals use to conceptualize or make sense of the change during the teacher evaluation implementation?  \n2. What insight into principals’ perception of implementation is evident in the metaphors?  \nReview of Pertinent Literature  \nMetaphors: A Way of Thinking  \nMetaphors are comparisons that show how two unalike things are similar in another important way. A metaphor expresses understanding and our experience of one thing in terms of another such as “time is money”(Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) . Metaphors help practitioners understand and express experiences and convey meaning as “vehicles of vernacular”(Bredsen, 1985, p. 30) for example, viewing school faculty as a family. Using images to make complicated issues  \nNCPEA Education Leadership Review, Vol. 14, No. 3– October 2013 ISSN: 1532-0723 © 2013 National Council of Professors of Educational Administration  \nunderstandable, metaphors thereby “capture subtle themes normal language can obscure”(Bolman & Deal, 2008, p. 268) . Often serving as a persuasive mechanism for policy makers, metaphors are also an effective tool for framing and understanding policy (Candless, 2012) . Thus, metaphors are “a way of thinking and a way of seeing that pervade how we understand our world generally”(Morgan, 1986, p. 12) .  \nResearchers benefit from practitioners’ use of metaphors as well. More than literary expressions, metaphors are linguistic structures that assist researchers in understanding educational phenomena. They provide insights into the thought process of principals about change as well as their reflections on practice and school reforms (Dana & Fitts, 1993) . Thus, metaphors can assist understanding the current state of a reform and alert researchers to participants’ feelings regarding experience with a reform.  \nSome studies have examined metaphors’ impact on the power to influence principals ’practices. Using a qualitative method, Bredsen (1985) identified metaphors in the literature and described the images in five school principals’ statements, beliefs, values, and daily routines. Three of those metaphors appeared to have significant implications for schools: vision, maintenance, and survival. Particularly important in this study, the metaphor of survival, as Bredesen noted, focuses on immediate needs and acquiring resources in order for schools to continue as organizations. Bredesen also noted that the survival metaphor indicates a stressful organizational environment.  \nMetaphors can make the complex simple yet still retain the depth of the concepts and inform","cbCaippYagjoddzS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaippYagjoddzS","pdf",163852,"English","# Purpose and Questions\n## Research purpose\n## Research questions\n# Review of Pertinent Literature\n## Metaphors: A Way of Thinking\n## Metaphors in educational administration research","[{\"question\":\"What is the central focus of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study explores how principals use metaphors to understand and conceptualize the implementation of a significantly changed teacher evaluation system.\"},{\"question\":\"When did the teacher evaluation system begin under the state mandate?\",\"answer\":\"The system began with the 2011-2012 school year, following legislative requirements for more rigorous standards.\"},{\"question\":\"What research questions guide the analysis of metaphor use?\",\"answer\":\"The study asks what metaphors principals use to make sense of the change and what insights those metaphors provide about principals’ perceptions of implementation.\"}]","Metaphors and Meaning - Principals’ Perceptions of Teacher Evaluation Implementation | PDF",1792093311,18]