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Participants complete the sentence “Leadership is like... because...”. Data are examined using descriptive analysis. Findings cluster metaphors into themes: providing guidance, influencing people, uniting people, and setting people in motion. The most frequent metaphor concerns providing guidance, while the least common relate to setting people in motion and uniting people.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/metaphorical-perceptions-of-sports-management-students-in-turkey-with-regard-to-leadership-notion-full-length-research-paper/591102/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/metaphorical-perceptions-of-sports-management-students-in-turkey-with-regard-to-leadership-notion-full-length-research-paper/591102.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study aims to analyze the metaphorical perceptions of sports management students in Turkey regarding the notion of “leadership.”","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants asked to express their views on leadership?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Participants completed the sentence “Leadership is like... because...”. 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In the study, qualitative research method was used. The study group of the research was composed of 90 people studying at a Sports Management Department in a Faculty of Sports Sciences in 2020-2021 academic year in Turkey. In order to determine the metaphorical perceptions of prospective sports managers with regard to leadership Notion, the study required the participants to complete the sentence “Leadership is like... because...”. The descriptive analysis method was used for the analysis of the data. The analysis showed that metaphorical descriptions made by the participants with regard to leadership were composed of the themes of ‘providing guidance’, ‘influencing people’, ‘uniting people’ and ‘setting people in motion’. It was found that the most common metaphorical perception of participants with regard to leadership notion was ‘providing guidance’, followed by ‘influencing people’. It was also seen that the least common metaphorical perceptions of participants with regard to leadership were related to the themes of ‘setting people in motion’ and ‘uniting people’.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Leadership, leadership education, metaphor. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. E-mail: [zeyneponag@gmail.com. Tel:](zeyneponag@gmail.com. Tel:) 0533-514-3010. |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nLeadership has been important since ancient times and has gained different meanings according to the arising conditions from time to time (Donuk , 2007; Gürer, 2019; Yukl, 2018) . Leadership is one of the terms commonly used in many areas of human activity such as business, politics, armed forces, religion, sports, etc (Silva, 2016) . Stogdill (1950) defines leadership as the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement. According to Katz and Kahn (1978), leadership is an influential increment over and above compliance with routine directives of the organization. According to Yetim (1996), leadership is the ability to convince individuals to achieve and realize the set goals in the desired manner. According to Öztaş (1996), leadership is the process of influencing and leading the way of people who got together with certain goals in order to help them carry out their activities towards a common goal. According to  \nWinston and Patterson (2006), leadership is the process of influencing followers to willingly put in a spiritual, emotional, and physical effort in order to achieve the organizational mission and objectives. Gibson et al.(2009) define leadership as an attempt at using the influence to motivate people towards the achievement of a certain goal. According to Robbins and Coulter (2012), leadership is the process of influencing and leading a group to achieve group objectives.  \nA general review of literature on the concept of leadership has revealed that Bennis (1959) studied the leadership theory while Yukl (2018) studied leadership within organizations. Fulmer (1997), Avolio (1999), Day (2000), Augustin (2003), and McCleskey (2014) carried out studies on leadership development. Hogg (2001) studied the social identity theory of leadership while Balkundi and Kilduff (2005) approached leadership as asocial network. In their studies, Winston and Patterson  \nAfr Educ Res J 808  \n(2006) made a definition of leadership while Spears (2010) put emphasis on leadership traits. Essa and Alattari (2019","cbCaigkHqYMDPDkq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigkHqYMDPDkq","pdf",267520,"English","# Introduction\n## Leadership definitions and theoretical background\n## Focus of leadership research (traits, behavior, situational, contemporary approaches)","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to analyze the metaphorical perceptions of sports management students in Turkey regarding the notion of “leadership.”\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants asked to express their views on leadership?\",\"answer\":\"Participants completed the sentence “Leadership is like... because...”. This elicited their metaphorical descriptions of leadership.\"},{\"question\":\"Which metaphor themes were identified in the results?\",\"answer\":\"Metaphors clustered into four themes: providing guidance, influencing people, uniting people, and setting people in motion.\"}]","Metaphorical perceptions of sports management students in Turkey with regard to “leadership” notion - Full Length Research Paper | PDF",1792071129,25]