[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-332743-105":59,"doc-detail-332743-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","metamaterial-based-artificial-magnetic-conductor-for-efficient-breast-cancer-diagnosis-using-a-low-cost-antenna-array","Metamaterial-based Artificial magnetic conductor for efficient breast cancer diagnosis using a low-cost antenna array","","Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women globally, and early non-invasive detection is associated with a reported 99% survival rate. This research proposes a microwave imaging approach using a compact, low-cost antenna array incorporating an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) metamaterial. The AMC enhances frequency selectivity at 8.48 GHz. Simulations show maximum gains of 9.35 dBi and measurements reach 10.51 dBi, supported by experimental validation and fidelity-factor analysis across multiple breast-phantom cases.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/metamaterial-based-artificial-magnetic-conductor-for-efficient-breast-cancer-diagnosis-using-a-low-cost-antenna-array/332743/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/metamaterial-based-artificial-magnetic-conductor-for-efficient-breast-cancer-diagnosis-using-a-low-cost-antenna-array/332743.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Eden","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What detection method does the research focus on?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It focuses on a microwave imaging technique for non-invasive identification of early-stage breast tumors using a low-cost antenna array.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) contribute to performance?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The AMC metamaterial acts as a reflective surface that enhances frequency selectivity, specifically at 8.48 GHz.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What gain results were reported for the antenna system?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Simulated results reached a maximum gain of 9.35 dBi, while measured results reached 10.51 dBi.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},332743,1790364259,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374391974468,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nMetamaterial-based Artificial magnetic conductor for efficient breast cancer diagnosis using a low-cost antenna array  \nMusa N. Hamza1, Yadgar I. Abdulkarim2, Salah Raza Saeed3,4, Muharrem Karaaslan5, Fatih OzkanAlkurt5, Bhargav Appasani6, Rashid Mirzavand7 & Philibert Nsengiyumva8􀀍  \nBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women globally, stemming from gene mutations that prompt irregular cellular growth and subsequent tumor development. Early-stage detection of cancer cells results in a remarkable 99% survival rate. This research presents a microwave imaging technique for the non-invasive identification of tumors in the initial stages within the women’s breast. A low-cost antenna array with an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) is proposed, featuring a compact structure size of 37.2 × 37.2 mm2. The AMC, a metamaterial, acts as a reflective surface to enhance frequency selectivity, specifically at 8.48 GHz. The maximum gains reached 9.35 dBi in simulated results and 10.51 dBi in measured results. The fabricated antenna validates the simulated findings, and its operational efficiency has undergone experimental validation. Moreover, fidelity factors in face-toface (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios are delineated. The antenna, operating as a transceiver, is applied to a modeled breast phantom across five distinct cases for numerical simulations pertaining to cancer cell detection applications. The outcomes ofthis research bear considerable implications for advancing early-stage breast cancer detection methodologies.  \nKeywords Modern Antenna Array, Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), Metamaterials (MMTs), Microwave Breast Imaging Systems (MWBIS), Non-Invasive Breast Cancer detection, Tumor Detection, Biosensor  \nThe most frequent malignancy among women globally is breast cancer1,2. Breast cancer will affect American women during their lives at a rate of 12%2. Breast cancer claimed the lives of 626,679 women out of 2.1 million new cases reported in 20181. It is predicted that the number of cases of breast cancer will rise from 14 million to 22 million over the next 20 years3,4. These statistics indicate the dangers of breast cancer in women5–7. The most successful method of treating breast cancer is thought to be an early diagnosis8, and the survival rate reaches 99% with non-invasive detection of cancer cells9.  \nDoctors use X-ray mammography, MRI, and ultrasound to identify breast cancer10, 11. Mammography has led to incorrect diagnoses and outcomes, negatively impacting patient quality of life8. Women are deterred from regular checkups due to X-rays and discomfort during imaging5,7, 12. Poor ultrasound imaging makes Cancerous cells difficult to distinguish from normal cells7,8, 12. MRI is sensitive to dense breasts but inaccurate diagnostic due to placement4,5, 12. Researchers are exploring a new technique using microwaves to address faults and testing constraints7, 10, 12. Microwave Imaging (MWI) is a low-cost alternative to MRI that offers good data rate accuracy and comfortable placement. It is also non-ionizing, less complex, and has low power density6. MWI depends on alterations in the backscattered signal brought about by variations in the dielectric properties of the biological tissues5, 11, 12.  \n1Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Raparin, Sulaymaniyah 46012, Iraq. 2Physics Department, College of Science, Charmo University, 46023Chamchamal, Sulaimania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 3Department of Computer Science, Cihan University, Sulaimaniya 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 4Department of Physics. College of Science, Sulaimani University, Sulaimanya 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 5Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun, Turkey.  \n6School of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhub","cbCaimWgYcNTKU0h","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimWgYcNTKU0h","pdf",6049494,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Breast cancer burden and need for early detection\n## Limitations of existing diagnostic methods\n## Microwave imaging approach and rationale\n# Proposed System\n## Low-cost antenna array with AMC metamaterial\n## AMC structure and frequency selectivity\n## Gain performance and experimental validation\n# Numerical and Phantom Study\n## Transceiver operation and modeled breast phantom cases\n## Fidelity factors for different scenarios\n# Results and Implications\n## Relevance for advancing early-stage detection","[{\"question\":\"What detection method does the research focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on a microwave imaging technique for non-invasive identification of early-stage breast tumors using a low-cost antenna array.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) contribute to performance?\",\"answer\":\"The AMC metamaterial acts as a reflective surface that enhances frequency selectivity, specifically at 8.48 GHz.\"},{\"question\":\"What gain results were reported for the antenna system?\",\"answer\":\"Simulated results reached a maximum gain of 9.35 dBi, while measured results reached 10.51 dBi.\"}]","Metamaterial-based Artificial magnetic conductor for efficient breast cancer diagnosis using a low-cost antenna array | PDF",1789999345,35]