[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-650805-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-650805-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","metal-ligand-and-metal-metal-bonding-module-4-red","Metal-Ligand and Metal-Metal Bonding - Module 4 - RED","","Core Module 4 on transition-metal bonding develops the fundamental principles behind metal–ligand and metal–metal interactions. It reviews transition-metal trends, nomenclature, coordination number, oxidation state, and electron counting, then explains why complexes form using the 18-electron rule and molecular orbital theory. Coverage includes s-donor and p-acceptor ligands, synergic bonding, CO/CN−/N2, Dewar–Duncanson–Chatt model for π-acceptors, and bridging ligands. The module extends to p-donor ligands, metal–ligand multiple bonding, spectrochemical series, trans-effect, and electron-counting revisions, culminating in metal–metal bonding and bond order concepts.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/metal-ligand-and-metal-metal-bonding-module-4-red/650805/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/metal-ligand-and-metal-metal-bonding-module-4-red/650805.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What topics are covered in the lecture series for Module 4?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The lectures recap transition-metal trends and nomenclature, explain complex formation using the 18-electron rule and MO theory, and cover ligand types (s-donor, p-acceptor, p-donor), synergic bonding, CO/CN−/N2, and alkene/alkyne bonding via the Dewar–Duncanson–Chatt model. They also address bridging ligands, metal–metal bonds, d-bonding, spectrochemical series, and the trans-effect.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the module connect electron counting with determining oxidation state and stability?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It emphasizes valence electron counting to determine oxidation state in transition-metal complexes, and it links the physical basis of the 18-electron rule to complex stability. It also revisits electron counting when discussing p-donor ligands and metal–ligand multiple bonding.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is the Dewar–Duncanson–Chatt model used for in this module?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It is used to describe metal–alkene and metal–alkyne bonding. The workshop objectives further connect metal binding to how coordinated alkenes change reactivity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},650805,1793026513,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","Metal-Ligand and Metal-Metal Bonding Core Module 4  \nRED  \nz  \nx  \ny  \n(n+ 1)     \npx py p z  \n(n+ 1)  \nn  \ndxy  \ndxz  \ndx2-y2  \ndz2  \nMetal-ligand and metal-metal bonding of the transition metal elements  \nModule 4  \nSynopsis  \nLecture 1:  \nRecap of trends of the transition metals. Nomenclature (m, h), coordination number and electron counting.  \nLecture 2:  \nWhy complexes form. 18-electron rule. Recap of molecular orbital theory. s-donor ligands (hydride complexes) . Construction and interpretation of octahedral ML6 molecular orbital energy diagram  \nLecture 3:  \np-acceptor ligands, synergic bonding, CO, CN-, N2,  \nLecture 4:  \nAlkenes and alkynes. Dewar-Duncanson-Chatt model.  \nLecture 5:  \nM(H2) vs M(H)2, Mn(O2) complexes, O2, NO, PR3.  \nLecture 6:  \np-donor ligands, metal-ligand multiple bonds, O2-, R2N-, RN2-, N3- . Electron counting revisited.  \nLecture 7:  \nML6 molecular orbital energy diagrams incorporating p-acceptor and p-donor ligands. Relationship to spectrochemical series, and the trans-effect.  \nLecture 8:  \nBridging ligands, Metal-Metal bonds, d-bonding.  \nWorkshop  \nLearning Objectives: by the end of the course you should be able to  \ni) use common nomenclature in transition metal chemistry.  \nii) count valence electrons and determine metal oxidation state in transition metal complexes.  \niii) Understand the physical basis of the 18-electron rule.  \niv) appreciate the synergic nature of bonding in metal carbonyl complexes.  \nv) understand the relationship between CO, the 'classic' p-acceptor and related ligands such as NO, CN, and N2.  \nvi) describe the Dewar-Duncanson –Chatt model for metal-alkene and metal-alkyne bonding.  \nvii) understand the affect of metal binding on the reactivity of a coordinated alkene.  \nviii) describe the nature of the interaction between h2-bound diatomic molecules (H2, O2) and their relationship to p-acceptor ligands.  \nix) describe how H2 (and O2) can react with metal complexes to generate metal hydrides and oxides.  \nx) describe the difference between p-acceptor and p-donor ligands, and why exceptions to the 18-electron rule occur mainly for the latter.  \nxi) qualitatively describe metal-ligand multiple bonding  \nxii) understand the origin of the spectrochemical series.  \nxiii) calculate bond orders in metal-metal bonding species, and understand the strengths and limitations of the bond order concept.  \nxiv) describe the nature of the quadruple bond in Re2Cl82-, particularly the d component, and triple bond compounds including Mo2(NEt2)6.  \nxv) describe metal-ligand and metal-metal bonding using molecular orbital energy diagrams.  \nBibliography:  \nShriver and Atkins “Inorganic Chemistry” Ch 8, 9, 16.  \nCotton, Wilkinson, Murillo and Bochmann “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry”Ch 11, 16 Greenwood and Earnshaw “Chemistry of the Elements” Ch 19, 20-28.  \nOwen and Brooker “A Guide to Modern Inorganic Chemistry”  \nMayer and Nugent “ Metal-Ligand Multiple Bonds”  \nFurther reading  \nElectron Counting Huheey, Keiter and Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry, 4th Ed pages 625-630.  \nBonding Murrell, Kettle and Tedder “The Chemical Bond” Tetrahedron, 1982, 38, 1339.  \nH2 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , Engl. 1993, 32, 789.  \nO2 Chem. Rev. 1994, 3 (various articles)  \nAssociated Courses  \nAKDK Transition metal chemistry 1st year  \nVC Structure and bonding 1st year  \nJEM Molecular orbitals 1st year  \nRNP Group theory 2nd year  \nKW Surface Chemistry 2nd year  \nJML Transition metal organometallics 2nd year  \nSBD Inorganic mechanisms I 2nd year  \nMCRC Vibrational spectroscopy 2nd year  \nMCRC Photoelectron spectroscopy 2nd year  \nAKDK Main group clusters and organometallics 3rd year  \nRED Inorganic materials chemistry 3rd year  \nRED Inorganic mechanisms II 3rd year  \nCatalysis option module  \nWhy is metal ligand bonding important?  \nCatalysts – e.g. polymers, pharmaceuticals, bulk chemicals  \nCl  \nCl  \n[(h5-C5H5)2TiCl2  \nPPh3 Ph3P ~~ ~~ Rh~~ ~~ H Ph3P  \n[Rh(H)(PPh3)3]  \nBiochemistry – e.g. oxygen transport, photosynth","cbCaiu49jnB6lJjl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu49jnB6lJjl","pdf",1282166,38,"English","# Synopsis\n## Lecture 1-8\n## Workshop\n## Learning Objectives\n## Bibliography\n## Associated Courses","[{\"question\":\"What topics are covered in the lecture series for Module 4?\",\"answer\":\"The lectures recap transition-metal trends and nomenclature, explain complex formation using the 18-electron rule and MO theory, and cover ligand types (s-donor, p-acceptor, p-donor), synergic bonding, CO/CN−/N2, and alkene/alkyne bonding via the Dewar–Duncanson–Chatt model. They also address bridging ligands, metal–metal bonds, d-bonding, spectrochemical series, and the trans-effect.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the module connect electron counting with determining oxidation state and stability?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes valence electron counting to determine oxidation state in transition-metal complexes, and it links the physical basis of the 18-electron rule to complex stability. It also revisits electron counting when discussing p-donor ligands and metal–ligand multiple bonding.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the Dewar–Duncanson–Chatt model used for in this module?\",\"answer\":\"It is used to describe metal–alkene and metal–alkyne bonding. The workshop objectives further connect metal binding to how coordinated alkenes change reactivity.\"}]","Metal-Ligand and Metal-Metal Bonding - Module 4 - RED | PDF",1792846093,96]