[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-370400-105":59,"doc-detail-370400-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","metal-ions-and-nanomaterials-for-targeted-bone-cancer-immunotherapy","Metal ions and nanomaterials for targeted bone cancer immunotherapy","","Bone cancer remains a major oncology challenge, with current therapies achieving limited success, especially for immunotherapy. This review focuses on how metal ions and nanomaterials can be integrated for targeted immune modulation in the bone tumor microenvironment. Calcium, magnesium, and zinc are discussed for their effects on immune signaling, while metallic nanoparticles enable precise delivery, enhanced T-cell and macrophage activation, and controllable drug release. Preclinical progress is summarized alongside key barriers such as biocompatibility, toxicity, and translation toward personalized precision medicine.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/metal-ions-and-nanomaterials-for-targeted-bone-cancer-immunotherapy/370400/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/metal-ions-and-nanomaterials-for-targeted-bone-cancer-immunotherapy/370400.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is immunotherapy difficult for bone cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Bone cancer immunotherapy faces limited tumor penetration, systemic toxicity, and immune resistance within the bone tumor microenvironment.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do metal ions influence immune responses in bone tumors?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc modulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment by affecting pathways required for immune activation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What advantages do metallic nanomaterials provide for targeted immunotherapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Metallic nanomaterials can improve drug delivery and immune targeting, and metal ion-responsive designs may support controlled drug release while enhancing immune cell activation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},370400,1790618727,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?_k=1776742907772140068","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 17 March 2025  \nDOI 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513834  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nJunjie Cheng,  \nUniversity of Science and Technology of China, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nAlessandro De Vita,  \nScientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Tumors (IRCCS), Italy Giuseppina Pennesi,  \nAST Fermo Marche Region Health System, Italy  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nJinLiang Ma  \n[414303858@qq.com](414303858@qq.com)  \n†These authors share first authorship  \nRECEIVED 19 October 2024  \nACCEPTED 24 February 2025  \nPUBLISHED 17 March 2025  \nCITATION  \nQin S, Hu Y, Luo H, Chu W, Deng R and Ma J (2025) Metal ions and nanomaterials for targeted bone cancer immunotherapy.  \nFront. Immunol. 16:1513834 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1513834  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Qin, Hu, Luo, Chu, Deng and Ma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nMetal ions and nanomaterials for targeted bone  \ncancer immunotherapy  \nSen Qin 1†, YaoFeng Hu 2†, HuaSong Luo 1, Wei Chu 1, RuCui Deng 2 and JinLiang Ma 1*  \n1 Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of YangTze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China, 2 Department of Neurological Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of YangTze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China  \nBone cancer remains a significant challenge in oncology, with limited success in current therapeutic approaches, particularly immunotherapy. Emerging research highlights the potential of integrating metal ions and nanomaterials for targeted immunotherapy in bone cancer. Metal ions, including calcium, magnesium, and zinc, play a significant role in modulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment, affecting essential pathways necessary for immune activation. Meanwhile, nanomaterials, particularly metallic nanoparticles, offer precise drug delivery and immune system modulation, improving the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents. This review explores the synergistic effects of metal ion-nanomaterial conjugates, discussing their role in enhancing immune cell activation, particularly T-cells and macrophages, and their potential for controlled drug release. We highlight preclinical advancements in bone cancer treatment using metal ion-responsive nanoparticles, and address current challenges such as biocompatibility and toxicity. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of these technologies in personalized and precision medicine, aiming to revolutionize bone cancer immunotherapy.  \nKEYWORDS  \nbone cancer, metal ions, nanomaterials, immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment, osteosarcoma  \n1 Introduction  \nBone cancer is a rare but aggressive form of malignancy that originates in the bone tissue, affecting both children and adults (1, 2) . The two most common types of primary bone cancers are osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Osteosarcoma, the most frequent, typically affects adolescents and young adults, primarily manifesting in areas of rapid bone growth, such as the distal femur, proximal tibia, and humerus (3) . Osteosarcoma is highly malignant, with a propensity for early metastasis, particularly to the lungs, significantly complicating treatment (4, 5) . Chondrosarcoma, in contrast, is more common in adults, typically originating in the cartilage cells and growing slowly, although certain subtypes exhibit more aggressive behavior (6, 7) . The global incidence of primary bone cancers is  \nFrontiers in Immunology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nrelatively low, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers, yet the morbidity associated with these malignancies is substantial due to their aggressive nature and the likelih","cbCaifNWwb8DMpY5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifNWwb8DMpY5","pdf",6759282,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Bone cancer types and clinical challenges\n## Current treatments and immunotherapy limitations\n## Rationale for metal ions and nanomaterials","[{\"question\":\"Why is immunotherapy difficult for bone cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Bone cancer immunotherapy faces limited tumor penetration, systemic toxicity, and immune resistance within the bone tumor microenvironment.\"},{\"question\":\"How do metal ions influence immune responses in bone tumors?\",\"answer\":\"Metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc modulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment by affecting pathways required for immune activation.\"},{\"question\":\"What advantages do metallic nanomaterials provide for targeted immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Metallic nanomaterials can improve drug delivery and immune targeting, and metal ion-responsive designs may support controlled drug release while enhancing immune cell activation.\"}]","Metal ions and nanomaterials for targeted bone cancer immunotherapy | PDF",1790188337,38]