[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-371147-105":59,"doc-detail-371147-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","metabolite-mediated-mechanisms-linking-the-urinary-microbiome-to-bladder-cancer-abstract","Metabolite-mediated mechanisms linking the urinary microbiome to bladder cancer - abstract","","Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and a major global health burden. Advances in microbiome research show the urinary tract is not sterile and that microbial dysbiosis and microbially derived metabolites shape carcinogenesis, progression, and therapy responses. Disease-stage–dependent microbial signatures, mechanistic evidence linking metabolites and toxins to DNA damage, inflammation, matrix remodeling, and EMT, and biofilm-driven immune evasion support a microbiota–metabolite–immunity axis with precision-oncology opportunities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/metabolite-mediated-mechanisms-linking-the-urinary-microbiome-to-bladder-cancer-abstract/371147/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/metabolite-mediated-mechanisms-linking-the-urinary-microbiome-to-bladder-cancer-abstract/371147.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is the urinary tract no longer considered sterile in bladder cancer research?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Recent studies show the urinary tract contains a resident microbial community, overturning the older belief in sterility. This enables investigation of how microbes influence bladder cancer development.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What mechanisms link microbial metabolites to bladder cancer?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Microbe-associated metabolites and toxins can drive DNA damage, chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These processes can create a tumor-permissive niche.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How can the urinary microbiome affect therapeutic outcomes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Microbial pathways may inactivate frontline chemotherapy or generate metabolites with anti-tumor properties. This makes microbial activity relevant for predicting and improving treatment responses.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},371147,1790240938,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Review  \nJournal of Microbiology Vol. 63, No. 11, e2509001 [https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2509001](https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2509001)  \npISSN 1225–8873 • eISSN 1976–3794  \nReceived: September 2, 2025  \nRevised: October 11, 2025  \nAccepted: October 16, 2025  \nPublished online: November 30, 2025  \n*Correspondence  \nHae Woong Choi  \n[haewoongchoi@korea.ac.kr](haewoongchoi@korea.ac.kr)  \nMetabolite-mediated mechanisms linking the urinary microbiome to bladder cancer  \nThuAnh Trần, Ho Young Lee, Hae Woong Choi*  \nDivision of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea  \nBladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and is a major health burden globally. Recent advances in microbiome research have revealed that the urinary tract harbors a resident microbial community, overturning the long-held belief in its sterility. Increasing evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis and microbially derived metabolites contribute to bladder cancer carcinogenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses. Distinct microbial signatures have been observed in bladder cancer patients, with notable differences across disease stages and between primary and recurrent cases. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that microbe-associated metabolites and toxins can drive DNA damage, chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In addition, biofilm formation allows bacteria to evade immune responses and promotes persistent inflammation, creating a tumor-permissive niche. Beyond pathogenesis, microbial activity also influences therapeutic outcomes; for instance, some microbial pathways can inactivate frontline chemotherapy, while others generate metabolites with anti-tumor properties. Collectively, these patterns define a microbiota–metabolite–immunity axis, presenting opportunities for precision oncology. Targeting microbial pathways, profiling urinary microbiota, and harnessing beneficial metabolites offer promising advancements in biomarker discovery, prognostic refinement, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer.  \nKeywords: bladder cancer, urinary microbiome, microbial metabolites, tumor microenvironment  \nIntroduction  \nBladder cancer represents the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. According to global cancer statistics from 2022, more than 613,800 new cases and 220,300 deaths were reported worldwide that year (Bray et al., 2024). Based on the depth of invasion into the bladder wall, bladder cancer is divided into two major categories: non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which comprises about 75% of cases, and muscle–invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), which accounts for the remaining 25%(Cumberbatch et al., 2018). NMIBC is clinically significant for its remarkable tendency to recur; within five years, 50–70% of patients will experience recurrence, and a subset of these recurring cases will progress to MIBC (Al Awamlh and Chang, 2023; Tan et al., 2016). In contrast, MIBC is notable for its aggressiveness; it carries a high potential for metastasis, and the five–year survival rate falls precipitously—from nearly 80–90% in localized cases to less than 10% in metastatic cases (Ripoll et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2018). Age represents a strong determinant of incidence, with bladder cancer occurring most frequently in older adults. Sex also modifies risk, as men develop bladder cancer at nearly  \nthree times the rate observed in women. Finally, among environmental risk factors, cigarette smoking and exposure to occupational or industrial carcinogens remain the best–established contributors to disease burden. In recent years, the role of the human microbiome in both the maintenance of health and the development of disease has gained increasing attention. A growing body of evidence suggests that microorganisms can act as central players in cancer biology, with nearly 20% of all cancers estimated to be associated with specific micro","cbCaie1zoXX7XPMl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie1zoXX7XPMl","pdf",2810376,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Bladder cancer overview\n## Urinary microbiome and dysbiosis\n## Microbial metabolites and mechanistic pathways\n## Implications for precision oncology","[{\"question\":\"Why is the urinary tract no longer considered sterile in bladder cancer research?\",\"answer\":\"Recent studies show the urinary tract contains a resident microbial community, overturning the older belief in sterility. This enables investigation of how microbes influence bladder cancer development.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanisms link microbial metabolites to bladder cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Microbe-associated metabolites and toxins can drive DNA damage, chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These processes can create a tumor-permissive niche.\"},{\"question\":\"How can the urinary microbiome affect therapeutic outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Microbial pathways may inactivate frontline chemotherapy or generate metabolites with anti-tumor properties. This makes microbial activity relevant for predicting and improving treatment responses.\"}]","Metabolite-mediated mechanisms linking the urinary microbiome to bladder cancer - abstract | PDF",1790191355,35]