[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-373213-105":59,"doc-detail-373213-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","menin-from-molecular-insights-to-clinical-impact","Menin: from molecular insights to clinical impact","","Menin, encoded by the MEN1 gene, is vital for normal development and contributes to multiple cancer types, including leukemias and solid tumors such as neuroendocrine tumors. Menin binds diverse protein partners and genomic loci in a context-dependent manner, functioning as a tumor suppressor in some tissues and as an oncogenic co-factor in others. Its oncogenic role in acute myeloid leukemia has driven the growth of Menin inhibitor development, with several agents reaching clinical trials and one receiving FDA approval. This review surveys Menin biology across cancers, inhibitor development, and clinical applications, and outlines future priorities to broaden use and improve efficacy over the next 5–10 years.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/menin-from-molecular-insights-to-clinical-impact/373213/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/menin-from-molecular-insights-to-clinical-impact/373213.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"\tJames","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is Menin and why is it important for normal development?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Menin is the protein product of the MEN1 gene and acts as a chromatin adaptor essential for development and disease. Loss of Menin is linked to embryonic lethality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does Menin contribute to cancer across different tumor types?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Menin shows context-dependent effects, acting as a tumor suppressor in some tissues and an oncogenic co-factor in others. It is implicated in cancers including leukemias and neuroendocrine tumors.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the significance of Menin inhibitors in treatment development?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because Menin’s oncogenic role—especially in acute myeloid leukemia—has been established, multiple Menin-MLL1 small molecule inhibitors were developed and are in clinical testing. One Menin inhibitor has recently received FDA approval.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},373213,1790602204,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336474466412,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","EPIGENOMICS  \n2025, VOL. 17, NO. 7, 489–505  \n[https://doi.org/10.1080/1750191](https://doi.org/10.1080/1750191)1.2025.2485019  \nREVIEW  \nMenin: from molecular insights to clinical impact  \nMargaret R. Brown a,b and Yadira M. Soto-Feliciano a,b  \naDepartment is Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; bDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA  \nABSTRACT  \nMenin, the protein product of the MEN1 gene, is essential for development and has been implicated in multiple different cancer types. These include leukemias and several different solid tumors, including neuroendocrine tumors. Menin interacts with many different protein partners and genomic loci ina context-dependent manner, implicating it in numerous cellular processes. The role of Menin varies across tumor types as well, acting as a tumor suppressor in some tissues and an oncogenic co-factor in others. Given the role of Menin in cancer, and particularly its oncogenic role in acute myeloid leukemia, the development of Menin inhibitors has been an expanding field over the past 10–15 years. Many inhibitors have been in clinical trials and one has recently received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . In this review, we explore the role of Menin in multiple cancer types, the development of Menin inhibitors and their clinical applications and what the focus of the field should be in the next 5–10 years to expand the use and efficacy of these drugs.  \nPLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY  \nThe protein Menin is vital for normal human development and growth. However, changes in Menin, or in proteins that bind to Menin, can lead to tumor formation in various tissues. This is common in blood cancer (acute myeloid leukemia or AML) and solid tumors (neuroendocrine tumors or NETs), such as those found in the pituitary and parathyroid glands, and pancreas cells. In some cases ofAML, an important Menin-binding partner, called MLL1, is altered and promotes cancer growth. In NETs, Menin itself is altered, and its normal function is impaired. Because of the role of the Menin-MLL1 interaction in AML, scientists have developed inhibitors to block it. This review discusses Menin’s involvement in different cancer types, the generation and development of Menin inhibitors, and the clinical use of these medications.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 15 January 2025 Accepted 24 March 2025  \nKEYWORDS  \nMenin; chromatin adaptor; leukemia; MEN1; MeninMLL1 inhibitors  \n1. Introduction  \nMenin is a unique chromatin adaptor protein that is encoded by the MEN1 gene. Menin has multiple isoforms, but the two most prevalent encode for proteins of 610 and 615 amino acids. The only annotated regions of Menin are two nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that flank an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of the protein (Figure 1) [1] . Menin lacks homology to any other known eukaryotic protein, making it hard to infer function from its sequence or structure.  \nHowever, Menin is known to interact with many proteins involved in different cellular functions including gene regulation and DNA repair, and is known to play an important role in development and disease, as its loss leads to embryonic lethality [2–17]. Menin was initially found to act as a transcriptional repressor through its interactions with the transcription factor JunD and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) mSin3A [5,18]. However, soon after, it was found to also be involved in transcriptional activation by recruiting and stabilizing the MLL1 and MLL2 histone methyltransferase (HMT) complexes to transcriptional start sites (TSS) [3,4]. The genomic localization of the Menin-MLL complex at TSSs ofthe HOX gene locus implicated Menin in organismal development, helping to explain its embryonic lethality and role in disease.  \nThe main focus of Menin’s role in disease has been in the field of cancer biology. In this context, Menin has paradoxical roles, acting both as an oncogenic","cbCaimbfBRxqV77D","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimbfBRxqV77D","pdf",2467425,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Menin as a chromatin adaptor\n## Menin roles in development and disease\n## Menin in cancer biology\n## Menin inhibitors and clinical development","[{\"question\":\"What is Menin and why is it important for normal development?\",\"answer\":\"Menin is the protein product of the MEN1 gene and acts as a chromatin adaptor essential for development and disease. Loss of Menin is linked to embryonic lethality.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Menin contribute to cancer across different tumor types?\",\"answer\":\"Menin shows context-dependent effects, acting as a tumor suppressor in some tissues and an oncogenic co-factor in others. It is implicated in cancers including leukemias and neuroendocrine tumors.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the significance of Menin inhibitors in treatment development?\",\"answer\":\"Because Menin’s oncogenic role—especially in acute myeloid leukemia—has been established, multiple Menin-MLL1 small molecule inhibitors were developed and are in clinical testing. One Menin inhibitor has recently received FDA approval.\"}]","Menin: from molecular insights to clinical impact | PDF",1790197973,43]