[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-39545-en":3,"doc-seo-39545-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},39545,34359740700684,"Finn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487",2,"Literature","Memory and Forgetting","Memory and Forgetting explores how nationalism can emerge through culturally shared time, focusing on the way “new” and “old” place-naming practices make parallel worlds feel simultaneously present. It argues that large, permanently settled groups across great distances—supported by print capitalism and technological advances—could imagine connection without meeting. The discussion contrasts American colonial conditions with migration patterns in China and the Arab world and considers how imperial structures preserved cultural coherence.","# Imagined Communities\n\nReflections on the Origin andSpread of Nationalism  \nBENEDICT ANDERSONRevised Edition  \n## Memory and Forgetting\n\nSPACE NEW AND OLD  \nNew York,Nueva Leon,Nouvelle Orleans,Nova Lisboa,NieuwAmsterdam.Already in the sixteenth century Europeans had begunthe strange habit of naming remote places,first in the Americas andAfrica,later in Asia,Australia,and Oceania,as 'new'versions of(thereby)‘old'toponyms in their lands of origin.Moreover,theyretained the tradition even when such places passed to differentimperial masters,so the Nouvelle Orleans calmly became NewOrleans,and Nieuw Zeeland New Zealand.  \nIt was not that,in general,the naming of political or religious sitesas ‘new'was in itself so new.In Southeast Asia,for example,onefinds towns of reasonable antiquity whose names also include a termfor novelty:Chiangmai(New City),Kota Bahru(New Town),Pekanbaru(New Market).But in these names 'new'invariably hasthe meaning of'successor'to,or inheritor'of,something vanished.'New'and ‘old'are aligned diachronically,and the former appearsalways to invoke an ambiguous blessing from the dead.What isstartling in the American namings of the sixteenth to eighteenthcenturies is that 'new'and ‘old'were understood synchronically,co-existing within homogeneous,empty time.Vizcaya is there alongsideNueva Vizcaya,New London alongside London:an idiom of siblingcompetition rather than of inheritance.  \nIMAGINED COMMUNITIES  \nThis new synchronic novelty could arise historically only whensubstantial groups of people were in a position to think of themselvesas living lives parallel to those of other substantial groups of people-if_never meeting,yet certainly proceeding along the same trajectory.Between 1500 and 1800 an accumulation of technological innovationsin the fields of shipbuilding,navigation,horology and cartography,mediated through print-capitalism,was making this type of imaginingpossible.It became conceivable to dwell on the Peruvian altiplano,on the pampas of Argentina,or by the harbours of 'New'England,and yet feel connected to certain regions or communities,thousandsof miles away,in England or the Iberian peninsula.One could be fullyaware of sharing a language and a religious faith(to varying degrees),customs and traditions,without any great expectation of evermeeting one's partners.2  \nFor this sense of parallelism or simultaneity not merely to arise,butalso to have vast political consequences,it was necessary that thedistance between the parallel groups be large,and that the newer ofthem be substantial in size and permanently settled,as well as firmlysubordinated to the older.These conditions were met in the Americasas they had never been before.In the first place,the vast expanse ofthe Atlantic Ocean and the utterly different geographical conditionsexisting on each side of it,made impossible the sort of gradualabsorption of populations into larger politico-cultural units thattransformed Las Espanas into Espana and submerged Scotland intothe United Kingdom.Secondly,as noted in Chapter 4,Europeanmigration to the Americas took place on an astonishing scale.By the  \n## MEMORY AND FORGETTING\n\nend of the eighteenth century there were no less than 3,200,000‘whites'(including no more than 150,000 peninsulares)within the  \n16,900,000 population of the Western empire of the SpanishBourbons.3 The sheer size of this immigrant community,no less thanits overwhelming military,economic and technological power vis-a-vis the indigenous populations,ensured that it maintained its owncultural coherence and local political ascendancy.4 Thirdly,theimperial metropole disposed of formidable bureaucratic and ideo-logical apparatuses,which permitted them for many centuries toimpose their will on the creoles.(When one thinks of the sheerlogistical problems involved,the ability of London and Madrid tocarry on long counter-revolutionary wars against rebel Americancolonists is quite impressive.)  \nThe novelty ofall these conditions is suggested by","cbCaiqBWGdlzmzSI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqBWGdlzmzSI","pdf",1791940,1,12,"English","en",105,"# Memory and Forgetting\n## Space New and Old\n## Imagined Communities","[{\"question\":\"How do “new” and “old” place names relate to parallel historical time?\",\"answer\":\"The text argues that American examples treat “new” and “old” synchronically, letting communities coexist in homogeneous, empty time rather than only inheriting from the past.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did technological change and print capitalism make these “imagined communities” possible?\",\"answer\":\"Accumulated innovations in navigation, cartography, and related fields—mediated through print capitalism—made it conceivable to maintain a sense of connection to distant regions and groups without direct contact.\"},{\"question\":\"What conditions in the Americas helped produce major political consequences for nationalism?\",\"answer\":\"Large populations, permanent settlement, strong subordination of newer groups to older ones, the Atlantic’s geographic separation, and the scale of European migration supported cultural coherence and long-term political influence.\"}]",1783084131,18,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"memory-and-forgetting","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,52,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,46,49],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":47,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/memory-and-forgetting/39545/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":40,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-12","2026-07-03",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":11},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"How do “new” and “old” place names relate to parallel historical time?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"The text argues that American examples treat “new” and “old” synchronically, letting communities coexist in homogeneous, empty time rather than only inheriting from the past.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"Why did technological change and print capitalism make these “imagined communities” possible?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Accumulated innovations in navigation, cartography, and related fields—mediated through print capitalism—made it conceivable to maintain a sense of connection to distant regions and groups without direct contact.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"What conditions in the Americas helped produce major political consequences for nationalism?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Large populations, permanent settlement, strong subordination of newer groups to older ones, the Atlantic’s geographic separation, and the scale of European migration 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