[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-384629-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-384629-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","mellitin-peptide-quantification-in-seasonally-collected-crude-bee-venom-and-its-anticancer-effects-on-myelogenous-k562-human-leukaemia-cell-line","Mellitin peptide quantification in seasonally collected crude bee venom and its anticancer effects on myelogenous K562 human leukaemia cell line","","Apitherapy is increasingly explored in cancer research, especially in developing communities. The study investigates how Melittin (MEL), the major cytotoxic constituent of bee venom, is influenced by bee genotype and by the season of venom collection. Jordanian crude bee venom was collected in spring, summer, and autumn and assessed in vitro for antitumour effects on K562 human leukaemia cells using flow cytometry, cell-death markers, and gene-expression profiling.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mellitin-peptide-quantification-in-seasonally-collected-crude-bee-venom-and-its-anticancer-effects-on-myelogenous-k562-human-leukaemia-cell-line/384629/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mellitin-peptide-quantification-in-seasonally-collected-crude-bee-venom-and-its-anticancer-effects-on-myelogenous-k562-human-leukaemia-cell-line/384629.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aria","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is the central hypothesis about Melittin activity in bee venom?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The study proposes that the genotype of bees and the time of venom collection affect Melittin’s specific activity against certain cancer types.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How was Jordanian crude bee venom collected and tested?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Jordanian crude bee venom was collected in different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn), then evaluated in vitro for antitumour effects on K562 leukaemia cells using flow cytometry and gene-expression analyses.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What were the main findings regarding Melittin and venom collected in spring?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Springtime-collected venom showed the highest Melittin content, and both spring-collected extract and pure Melittin produced cytotoxic effects including late apoptotic death and cell cycle arrest, accompanied by changes in key gene expression pathways.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},384629,1791539879,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Obeidat et al.  \nBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023) 23:132  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03897-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-03897-x)  \nBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies  \n RESEARCH Open Access  \nMellitin peptide quantification in seasonally   collected crude bee venom and its anticancer effects on myelogenous K562 human leukaemia cell line  \nMaher Obeidat1†, Ihab F. Al‑khraisat 1†, Da’san M. M. Jaradat2, Bayan Y. Ghanim3, Qasem M. Abdallah3, Duaa Abu Arqoub3, Duaa Sabbah3, Ola M. Al‑Sanabra 1, Tawfiq Arafat4 and Nidal A. Qinna3*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Apitherapy is an emerging field in cancer research, particularly in developing communities. The potency of Melittin (MEL), a major constituent in bee venom is accounted for the cytotoxic capacity against can‑ cer cells. It is postulated that the genotype of bees and the time of venom collection influences its specific activity against certain types of cancer.  \nMethod Hereby, Jordanian crude bee venom (JCBV) was collected during different seasons of the year, specifically spring, summer and autumn and investigated for in vitro antitumour effects. Venom collected during springtime comprised the highest quantity of MEL in comparison to venom collected some other time. Springtime‑collected JCBV extract and MEL were tested on an immortal myelogenous leukaemia cell line, namely K562 leukemic cells. Treated cells were examined for cell modality via flow cytometry analysis and cell death mediating gene expressions. Results Springtime‑collected JCBV extract and MEL showed an IC50 of 3.7 ± 0.37 μg/ml and 1.84 ± 0.75 μg/ml, respectively. In comparison to JCBV and positive control, MEL‑treated cells exhibited late apoptotic death with a mod‑ erate cellular arrest at G0/G1 and an increase of cell number at G2/M phase. Expression of NF‑κB/MAPK14 axis was inhibited in MEL and JCBV‑treated cells, as well as expression of c‑MYC and CDK4 . Moreover, marked upregulation in ABL1, JUN and TNF was observed. In conclusion, springtime‑collected JCBV showed the highest content of MEL while both JCBV and pure MEL showed apoptotic, necrotic, and cell cycle arrest efficiency against K562 leukemic cells. Conclusion Integration of bee venom in chemotherapy needs more investigation and should be carefully translated into clinical use. During such translation, the correlation of bee genotype, collection time and concentration of MEL in CBV should be profiled.  \nKeywords Bee venom, Apitherapy, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, Cell arrest, Melittin  \n†Maher Obeidat and Ihab F. Al‑khraisat the authors contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence: Nidal A. Qinna[nqinna@uop.edu.jo](nqinna@uop.edu.jo)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[http://creativeco](http://creativeco)[mmons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/](mmons.org/publicdomain","cbCaihOkQhMxOyx3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihOkQhMxOyx3","pdf",1679253,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Method\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Background\n## Bee venom and Melittin in cancer context","[{\"question\":\"What is the central hypothesis about Melittin activity in bee venom?\",\"answer\":\"The study proposes that the genotype of bees and the time of venom collection affect Melittin’s specific activity against certain cancer types.\"},{\"question\":\"How was Jordanian crude bee venom collected and tested?\",\"answer\":\"Jordanian crude bee venom was collected in different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn), then evaluated in vitro for antitumour effects on K562 leukaemia cells using flow cytometry and gene-expression analyses.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings regarding Melittin and venom collected in spring?\",\"answer\":\"Springtime-collected venom showed the highest Melittin content, and both spring-collected extract and pure Melittin produced cytotoxic effects including late apoptotic death and cell cycle arrest, accompanied by changes in key gene expression pathways.\"}]","Mellitin peptide quantification in seasonally collected crude bee venom and its anticancer effects on myelogenous K562 human leukaemia cell line | PDF",1790264282,28]