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Adjuvants are agents added to primary treatments to enhance efficacy and patient outcomes. Modern lifestyles contribute to melatonin and vitamin D deficiencies through reduced sun exposure and suppression of melatonin by artificial light at night. Both agents show anti-inflammatory, immune-boosting, and anticancer properties and may correct antioxidant imbalances and support tumor growth inhibition, improved survival, and quality of life.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/melatonin-and-vitamin-d-as-potential-synergistic-adjuvants-for-cancer-therapy-review/331540/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/melatonin-and-vitamin-d-as-potential-synergistic-adjuvants-for-cancer-therapy-review/331540.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are melatonin and vitamin D considered potential cancer therapy adjuvants?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They may enhance treatment outcomes by providing anti-inflammatory, immune-supporting, and anticancer effects, and by addressing oxidative imbalance linked to specific cancers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do lifestyle factors contribute to deficiencies in melatonin and vitamin D?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Limited sun exposure reduces vitamin D synthesis, while artificial light at night suppresses melatonin production.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence supports combining melatonin and vitamin D for cancer treatment?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Studies indicate both agents individually show promise in cancer prevention and therapy, and their combined effects warrant investigation for benefits such as tumor growth inhibition and improved survival.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331540,1790508287,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 65: 114, 2024  \nMelatonin and vitamin D as potential synergistic adjuvants for cancer therapy (Review)  \nRUSSEL J. REITER 1* , LUIZ GUSTAVO DE ALMEIDA CHUFFA2* , VINÍCIUS AUGUSTO SIMÃO2 , VIRNA MARGARITA MARTÍN GIMÉNEZ3 , NATALIA DE LAS HERAS4 , DEMETRIOSA. SPANDIDOS5 and WALTER MANUCHA6,7  \n1Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; 2Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Institute of Bio‑sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618‑689, Brazil; 3Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; 5Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;  \n6Pharmacology Area, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; 7Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina  \nReceived August 12, 2024; Accepted October 8, 2024  \nDOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5702  \nAbstract. Significant advancements have been made in cancer therapy; however, limitations remain with some conventional approaches . Adjuvants are agents used alongside primary treatments to enhance their efficacy and the treatment outcomes of patients. Modern lifestyles contribute to deficien‑ cies in melatonin and vitamin D. Limited sun exposure affects vitamin D synthesis, and artificial light at night suppresses melatonin production. Both melatonin and vitamin D possess anti‑inflammatory, immune‑boosting and anticancer proper‑ ties, rendering them potential adjuvants of interest. Studies suggest melatonin and vitamin D supplementation may address antioxidant imbalances in lip, oral and pharyngeal cancers. Moreover, promising results from breast, head and neck, brain, and osteosarcoma research indicate potential for tumor growth inhibition, improved survival, and a better quality of life of patients with cancer. The radioprotective properties of melatonin and vitamin D are another exciting area of explora‑ tion, potentially enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness while reducing side effects. For its part, the sleep‑promoting effects of melatonin may indirectly benefit patients with cancer by  \nCorrespondence to: Professor Walter Manucha, Pharmacology Area, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Avenue El Libertador 80, University Center, PC 5500, San Martín Park, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina E‑[mail: wmanucha@fcm.uncu.edu.ar](mail: wmanucha@fcm.uncu.edu.ar)  \n*Contributed equally  \nKey words: melatonin, vitamin D, cancer, treatment, synergistic actions  \ninfluencing the immune system. Thus, the prevalence of vitamin D and melatonin deficiencies highlights the importance of supplementation, as lower levels can worsen side‑effects from cancer treatments. The present review explores the potential of combining melatonin and vitamin D as synergistic adjuvants for cancer therapy. These agents have shown promise individu‑ ally in cancer prevention and treatment, and their combined effects warrant investigation. Therefore, large‑scale controlled trials are crucial to definitively determine the optimal dosage, safety and efficacy of this combination in improving the lives of patients with cancer.  \nContents  \n1. Introduction  \n2. General aspects of melatonin and its major association with cancer  \n3. Vitamin D and cancer  \n4. Synergistic effects of melatonin and vitamin D in cancer  \n5. Conclusions and future perspectives  \n1. Introduction  \nConnecting cancer with melatonin and vitamin D (VitD) . Cancer is a devasting disease that affects millions of individ‑ uals worldwide annually (1). Current cancer treatments include surgical removal","cbCaikUGKKfcsE6K","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikUGKKfcsE6K","pdf",2621704,22,"English","# 1. Introduction\n# 2. General aspects of melatonin and its major association with cancer\n# 3. Vitamin D and cancer\n# 4. Synergistic effects of melatonin and vitamin D in cancer\n# 5. Conclusions and future perspectives","[{\"question\":\"Why are melatonin and vitamin D considered potential cancer therapy adjuvants?\",\"answer\":\"They may enhance treatment outcomes by providing anti-inflammatory, immune-supporting, and anticancer effects, and by addressing oxidative imbalance linked to specific cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"How do lifestyle factors contribute to deficiencies in melatonin and vitamin D?\",\"answer\":\"Limited sun exposure reduces vitamin D synthesis, while artificial light at night suppresses melatonin production.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports combining melatonin and vitamin D for cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Studies indicate both agents individually show promise in cancer prevention and therapy, and their combined effects warrant investigation for benefits such as tumor growth inhibition and improved survival.\"}]","Melatonin and vitamin D as potential synergistic adjuvants for cancer therapy (Review) | PDF",1789993804,55]