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The report is motivated by the major role of drug costs in total health care spending and the challenge for people in developing settings to pay out of pocket. 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Pharm, M.Pharm , Ph.D, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology , Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy , National University, P.O. Box: 3783 ,  \nKhartoum 11111, Sudan, [E-mail : isra-su@outlook.com](E-mail : isra-su@outlook.com)  \n2B.Pharm, M.Pharm, PhD,DDG, AdVSci, Professor of Pharmacology, Dean of Graduate Studies and Research, National University,  \nP.O.Box: 3783, Khartoum 11111, Sudan, [E-mail: hassan1845@hotmail.com](E-mail: hassan1845@hotmail.com)  \nProject Team  \nSurvey Manager  \nDr. Salah Ibrahim Kheder  \nB. Pharm, M.Pharm , Ph.D, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy , National University, P. Box: 3783 , Khartoum 11111, Sudan  \n[E-mail : isra-su@outlook.com](E-mail : isra-su@outlook.com)  \nAuthors  \nDr. Salah Ibrahim Kheder*  \nProf. Hassan Mohamed Ali  \nData Collectors  \nDr. Kamal Abdall  \nDr. Amna Ibrahim  \nDr. Tagreed Sid Ahmed Dr. Ibtsam Abd Alwhab  \nDr. Ala Alatayeb Ahmed Mustsfa Mohamed Osman Ali Omer  \nData entry personnel  \nDr. Salah Ibrahim Dr. Rayan Khalid  \n*Corresponding Author  \nPreface  \nDrug costs are important, as they account for a substantial part of the total cost of health care, estimated at 10-15% in developed countries and up to 30-40% in some developing countries. In developing countries, most people who need medicines have to pay for them out of their own pockets. Drug prices and drug expenditures have become a major issue in the past few years in developing countries and health care policy makers are concerned that their countries are carrying a heavier burden than others in paying for drugs. Governments use a variety of approaches to try to control the cost of drugs and ensure that essential medicines are affordable and not overpriced. Measuring and understanding the medicines prices situation is the first stage in developing medicines pricing policies that would ensure availability and affordability. Despite the fact that several stakeholders recognize medicines prices are an issue; it could not be addressed in a systematic manner in the past due to lack of a reliable methodology. However, the World Health Organization and Health Action International have undertaken a commendable task to address methodological difficulties in surveying medicine prices.  \nThis report is an outcome of a systematic study employing the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology and is an attempt to address medicine pricing problems in Sudan. We strongly believe that the findings and the evidence-based recommendations will be useful for developing an effective pricing policy.  \nDr. Salah Ibrahim Kheder Prof. Hassan Mohamed Ali  \nNational University, Faculty of Pharmacy P.O. Box: 3783, Khartoum 11111, Sudan  \nAcknowledgements  \nWe are grateful to Allah the Almighty for bestowing us health and availing the strength and patience to complete this research. The research described in this work was not solely due to the authors. It was accomplished with the support of many people in the project team. We are grateful to all individuals who help us in collection of data .We are thankful for the cooperation and participation of the pharmacists and other staff at the medicine outlets and procurement sectors at CMS, RDF where data collection took place.  \nSpecial thanks are extended to Margaret Ewen (Health Action International) whose assistance and technical support were invaluable to the study and is gratefully acknowledged.  \nConflict of Interest Statement  \nNone of the authors of this survey or anyone who had influence on the conduct, analysis or interpretation of the results has any competing financial or other interests.  \nTable of Contents  \nProject Team ...............................................................................................................","cbCaiczEtn7tAVPg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiczEtn7tAVPg","pdf",1825206,82,"English","# Project Team\n# Preface\n# Acknowledgements\n# Conflict of Interest Statement\n# List of Tables\n# List of Figures\n# List of abbreviations and acronyms used in the report\n# Executive Summary\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n## Recommendations\n## Glossary\n# 1. Introduction, Background and Objectives\n## 1.1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is studying medicine prices in Sudan important?\",\"answer\":\"Drug costs take up a substantial share of total health care spending, and in developing countries many people pay for medicines out of their own pockets. The report frames the need for understanding pricing to support affordability and availability policies.\"},{\"question\":\"What methodology does the report use?\",\"answer\":\"The report uses a systematic WHO/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology to survey medicine pricing problems in Sudan.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report position its outputs for policymakers?\",\"answer\":\"It states that evidence-based findings and recommendations are intended to be useful for developing an effective medicines pricing policy in Sudan.\"}]","MEDICINE PRICES, AVAILABILITY, AFFORDABILITY AND PRICE COMPONENTS IN SUDAN | PDF",207]