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Shoemaker  \nSyracuse University Stephen D. Reese University of Texas, Austin  \nLongman USA  \nMediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content, Second Edition  \nCopyright © 1996, 1991 by Longman Publishers USA. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.  \nLongman, 10 Bank Street, White Plains, N.Y. 10606  \nAssociated companies:  \nLongman Group Ltd. , London Longman Cheshire Pty. , Melbourne Longman Paul Pty. , Auckland  \nCopp Clark Longman Ltd. , Toronto  \nAcquisitions editor: George Hoffman  \nAssistant editor: Hillary Henderson  \nProduction editor: Linda Moser/Alice Vigliani Cover design: Joseph dePinho, dePinho Designs Production supervisor: Richard Bretan  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shoemaker, Pamela J.  \nMediating the message: theories of influences on mass media content / Pamela J. Shoemaker, [Stephen D. Reese.-2nd ed. p. cm](Stephen D. Reese.-2nd ed. p. cm).  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 0-8013-1251-5  \n1. Mass media. 2. Content analysis (Communication) I. Reese, Stephen D. II. Title. P91.S46 1996  \n95-3796 CIP  \n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-MA-98979695  \nContents  \nPreface to the Second Edition ix  \nPreface to the First Edition xi  \nCHAPTER 1 STUDYING INFLUENCES ON MEDIA CONTENT 1  \nSome Definitions 4  \nA Rich History of Research 5  \nMedia Sociology 5, The Hypothesis Approach 5, Theoretical Perspectives  \n6 Building a Theory of Media Content 7  \nCHAPTER 2 BEYOND PROCESSES AND EFFECTS 11  \nThe Traditional Focus of Communications Research 11  \nLevel of Analysis 11, What Is Studied? 12, Major Communications Studies 14, Textbooks  \n16 Why the Traditional Focus? 16  \nThe Social Science Context 17, The Focus on the Individual 18, The Focus on Audience and Effects 20  \nSummary 24  \nCHAPTER 3 ANALYZING MEDIA CONTENT 27  \nWhy Is Content Important? 27  \nContent and Communication Theory Research 28  \nCategorizing Content 28, Our Focus on News and Entertainment 30 Measuring Content: How We Study It 31  \nHumanistic v. Behaviorist Traditions 31  \nDo Media Reflect Events? 33  \nPassive v. Active Conceptualizations 33, A Passive Role for the Media: Media as  \nChannels 33, An Active Role for the Media: Media as Participants 36  \nSummary 38  \nCHAPTER 4 PATTERNS OF MEDIA CONTENT 41  \nNarrowing the Focus 41  \nPatterns of Content 42  \nPolitical Bias 42, Behaviors 44, Deviance 46, News Sources and Topics 48, Geographic Patterns 49, Demographic Patterns 52 Unity of Content: Power/Culture Map?  \n57 Summary: Molding Social Reality 59  \nCHAPTER 5 INFLUENCES ON CONTENT FROM INDIVIDUAL MEDIA WORKERS 63  \nBackground and Characteristics 66  \nGender 66, Ethnicity 67, Sexual Orientation 69, Average or Elite? 70, The Evolution of Communication Careers 71, The Education of Communicators 73, Effects of Media Professionals' Backgrounds on Media Content 78  \nPersonal Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs 82  \nPersonal Values and Beliefs 82, Personal Political Attitudes 83, Personal Religious Orientations 86, Influences of Personal Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs on Content 87  \nProfessional Roles and Ethics 91  \nProfessional Roles 92, Ethical Roles 95, Effects of Professional Roles and Ethics on Content 101  \nSummary 102  \nCHAPTER 6 INFLUENCE OF MEDIA ROUTINES 105  \nSources of Routines: Processor/Consumer/Supplier 108  \nAudience Orientation: Consumer 110  \nNews Values 110, Defensive Routines 112, Audience Appeal and Story Structure  \n114, Audience Routines v. Other Routines 115 Media Organization: Processor 117 Understanding Mr. Gates 117, Routines and the Organization 118, Requirements of the News Perspective 119, Routine Reliance on Other Media 122, The Pack v. the Exclusive 125, Television v","cbCaifwo2Tc5THWD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifwo2Tc5THWD","pdf",2005880,322,"English","# Contents\n## Preface to the Second Edition\n## Preface to the First Edition\n## Chapter 1 Studying Influences on Media Content\n## Chapter 2 Beyond Processes and Effects\n## Chapter 3 Analyzing Media Content\n## Chapter 4 Patterns of Media Content\n## Chapter 5 Influences on Content from Individual Media Workers\n## Chapter 6 Influence of Media Routines\n## Chapter 7 Organizational Influences on Content\n## Chapter 8 Influences on Content from Outside of Media Organizations","[{\"question\":\"What does the book focus on regarding mass media content?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on theories of influences that shape mass media content across multiple levels, treating content as central to communication theory and research.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book approach studying and analyzing media content?\",\"answer\":\"It discusses why content matters, how to categorize and measure content, and contrasts humanistic versus behaviorist traditions, including whether media reflect events.\"},{\"question\":\"Which levels of influence are examined on media content?\",\"answer\":\"It examines influences from individual media workers, media routines, organizational factors, and external pressures such as sources, advertisers, government controls, the marketplace, and technology.\"}]","Mediating the Message - Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content - Second Edition | PDF",811]