[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-460396-105":59,"doc-detail-460396-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","median-diastema-prevalence-novel-classification-and-evidence-based-investigation","Median diastema - Prevalence, novel classification, and evidence-based investigation","","Maxillary midline diastema (MMD) is a gap between the maxillary central incisors linked to cosmetic and psychosocial concerns and multifactorial etiologies, including labial frenum, microdontia, genetics, and oral habits. A cross-sectional descriptive study examined Saudi adults (18–30) without prior orthodontic treatment, confirming MMD on dental models and quantifying diastema size at gingival, middle, and incisal levels. A shape-based classification was developed, etiologies reviewed, and tooth size ratios analyzed with SPSS.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/median-diastema-prevalence-novel-classification-and-evidence-based-investigation/460396/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/median-diastema-prevalence-novel-classification-and-evidence-based-investigation/460396.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"ahduag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the main purpose of the study on median diastema?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To review MMD, analyze its prevalence, describe a new shape-based classification, and identify potential causes using evidence-based practice.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was MMD presence and diastema size measured?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"MMD presence was confirmed by examining dental models, and diastema size was measured at gingival, middle, and incisal levels using a Mitutoyo calliper with 0.1 mm accuracy.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What prevalence and shape forms were reported for MMD?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Overall prevalence was 25% (n=96), and the new shape-based classification identified trapezoidal (44%), triangular (40%), rectangular (12%), inverted triangular (2%), and biconcave (2%) forms.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},460396,1790874226,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},3985747870414,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Original Article  \n\n| Access this article online |\n| --- |\n| Quick Response Code: |\n| |\n| Website:\u003Cbr>[www.jorthodsci.org](www.jorthodsci.org) |\n| DOI:\u003Cbr>10.4103/jos.jos_63_25 |\n\n1Department of Preventive Dentistry, Orthodontic Division, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 4College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, 6Aseer Specialized Dental Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia, 2Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 3Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 5Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria  \nAddress for correspondence:  \nDr. Mohammad Khursheed Alam,  \nDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Orthodontic Division, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.  \n[E-mail: mkalam@ju.edu](E-mail: mkalam@ju.edu). sa; [dralam@gmail.com](dralam@gmail.com)[ ](dralam@gmail.com)[Submitted: 02-May-2025](Submitted: 02-May-2025)  \n[Revised: 22-May-2025](Revised: 22-May-2025)  \n[Accepted: 02-Dec-2025](Accepted: 02-Dec-2025)  \n[Published: 23-Dec-2025](Published: 23-Dec-2025)  \nMedian diastema: Prevalence, novel classification, and evidence‑based investigation  \nMohammad Khursheed Alam1,2,3, Nawadir Hamoud Alanazi4, Tethkar Mukhlef Alanzi4, Shahad Mohammad4, Mona SalehAlazmi4, Awsaf Murdhi Alruwaili4,  \nAynaa FawazAlRashed4, Mohammad Younis Hajeer5 and Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi6  \nAbstract  \nBACKGROUND: Maxillary midline diastema (MMD) is a gap between the maxillary central incisors, posing cosmetic and psychosocial concerns for most patients. MMD results from multifactorial causes, including labial frenum, microdontia, genetics, and various oral habits. The purpose of this article was to review MMD, analyze its prevalence, describe a new shape‑based classification, and identify potential causes with a focus on evidence‑based practice.  \nMATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional descriptive study utilized orthodontic clinical records of Saudi adults aged 18–30 years who had not sought orthodontic treatment. MMD presence was confirmed by examining dental models. Diastema size was measured at gingival, middle, and incisal levels using a Mitutoyo calliper with 0.1 mm accuracy. Pairs of Angle Class I models were used to ensure equivalent tooth size for specimens. Patient records were reviewed to determine etiologies, and Bolton’s tooth size ratio was calculated for analysis. Statistical analyses included Z‑test, Shapiro–Wilk test, paired/independent t‑tests, and post‑hoc Bonferroni tests, conducted using SPSS version 26.  \nRESULTS: The overall prevalence of MMD was 25%(n = 96), with 67% occurring in males. Among malocclusions, MMD prevalence was 42% in Class I, 32% in Class II, and 26% in Class III. MMD size distribution was 0 .5–1 mm (18%), 1–2 mm (38%), and >2 mm (44%) . A new shape‑based classification identified trapezoidal (44%), triangular (40%), rectangular (12%), inverted triangular (2%), and biconcave (2%) forms. Major contributors included labial frenum elongation (25%), microdontia (19%), and midline shifting (72%) . No significant differences in tooth sizes were found between MMD cases and Angle Class I controls ( P > 0.05) . Differences at the three measurement levels were negligible ( P > 0.05) for both gender and malocclusion.  \nCONCLUSION: This study highlights the polygenic nature of MMD and introduces a new shape‑based classification. Key predisposing factors, such as midline shift and microdontia, were identified. These findings will guide clinicians in treating patients diagnosed with MMD.  \nKeywords:  \nBolton ratio, maxillary midline diastema, microdontia, orthodontics, prevalence, shape classification, tooth size discrepancy  \nIntroduction  \nMaxillary midline diastema (MMD)  \nis the space between the upper central incisors, a common dental aesthetic  \nThis isan open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative","cbCaiuATkYohK7aE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuATkYohK7aE","pdf",1359273,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Materials and Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What was the main purpose of the study on median diastema?\",\"answer\":\"To review MMD, analyze its prevalence, describe a new shape-based classification, and identify potential causes using evidence-based practice.\"},{\"question\":\"How was MMD presence and diastema size measured?\",\"answer\":\"MMD presence was confirmed by examining dental models, and diastema size was measured at gingival, middle, and incisal levels using a Mitutoyo calliper with 0.1 mm accuracy.\"},{\"question\":\"What prevalence and shape forms were reported for MMD?\",\"answer\":\"Overall prevalence was 25% (n=96), and the new shape-based classification identified trapezoidal (44%), triangular (40%), rectangular (12%), inverted triangular (2%), and biconcave (2%) forms.\"}]","Median diastema - Prevalence, novel classification, and evidence-based investigation | PDF",1790758376]