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The study builds an autonomous deterministic epidemic model (SIaIsMRS) to examine community control measures, including media coverage, early diagnosis, isolation, and treatment. Transmission probability is adjusted using media coverage, and the effective reproduction number Ref is computed with asymptomatic and symptomatic contributions, while R0 and equilibrium stability are analyzed via Routh–Hurwitz, Castillo–Chavez, Lyapunov, and uniform persistence.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/media-campaigns-early-diagnosis-isolation-and-treatment-on-bacterial-meningitis-outbreak-prevention-a-modeling-study/448016/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/media-campaigns-early-diagnosis-isolation-and-treatment-on-bacterial-meningitis-outbreak-prevention-a-modeling-study/448016.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What model framework is used to study bacterial meningitis control?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper uses an autonomous deterministic epidemic model called SIaIsMRS to study transmission dynamics under community control strategies.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does media coverage affect disease transmission and reproduction numbers?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Transmission probability is adjusted based on media coverage, and the effective reproduction number Ref is calculated including separate contributions from asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which mathematical tools are applied to analyze stability and persistence?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Local stability of infection-free and endemic equilibria is studied using Routh–Hurwitz criteria, global stability uses Castillo–Chavez (infection-free) and Lyapunov functional (endemic), and persistence is examined using uniform persistence.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},448016,1791289329,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Media campaigns, early diagnosis, isolation and treatment on bacterial meningitis outbreak prevention: A modeling study  \nScience Progress 2026, Vol. 109(1) 1–33 © The Author(s) 2026 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/00368504251399573](DOI: 10.1177/00368504251399573)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/00368504251399573)[journals.sagepub.com/home/sci](journals.sagepub.com/home/sci)  \nOusmane Koutou 1 , Wendkouni Ouédraogo2, Hamidou Ouédraogo3, Komi Afassinou4 and Abou Bakari Diabaté5  \nAbstract  \nBacterial meningitis is a severe infection affecting the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord, with rapidly worsening symptoms that can lead to life-threatening complications. This study presents an autonomous deterministic epidemic model, SIaIsMRS, to explore the dynamics of bacterial meningitis in a community implementing control strategies like media coverage, early diagnosis, isolation, and treatment. We adjust the transmission probability based on media coverage and calculate the effective reproduction number, Ref, which includes contributions from asymptomatic Raef and symptomatic individuals Rsef . We derive the basic reproduction number, R0 , to characterize initial infection spread and analyze the local stability of infection-free and endemic equilibria, using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria. For global stability, we apply Castillo-Chavez method for the infection-free equilibrium and the Lyapunov functional technique for the endemic equilibrium, after a uniform persistence study. A local sensitivity analysis  \n1 CU-Kaya/Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 2Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 3IBAM/Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso  \n4Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, UFS, Bloemfontein, South Africa 5Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso  \nCorresponding author:  \nOusmane Koutou, CU-Kaya/Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.  \nEmail: koutousman@gmai[l.com](l.com)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms  \nof the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/l](creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nevaluates the impact of each parameter on the threshold dynamical parameters Raef and Rsef . We also explore an optimal control problem using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The paper concludes with numerical simulations that bridge theoretical and numerical findings.  \nKeywords  \nMathematical analysis, optimal control, bacterial meningitis, early diagnosis, media coverage, numerical results  \nIntroduction  \nThe exploration of bacterial meningitis has gained notable attention in the field of mathematical epidemiology, driven by its severity and the rapid transmission dynamics within populations.  \nMeningitis, also known as cerebrospinal meningitis, is a serious infection marked by the inflammation of the meninges (the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) . Key symptoms include heightened sensitivity to light, intense headaches, neck stiffness, difficulty in feeding, elevated fever, lethargy, persistent crying in infants, and nausea. The impact of meningitis remains a major public health challenge, eventhough there have been a considerable effort in reducing the spread, through vaccination and treatment. Meningitis and sepsis are estimated to cause more deaths in children under the age of five than malaria.1 The annual global disease induced deaths due to meningitis is about 380,000 . 1,2 Recovered individua","cbCaiejxvZAhAmXz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiejxvZAhAmXz","pdf",2475690,33,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What model framework is used to study bacterial meningitis control?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses an autonomous deterministic epidemic model called SIaIsMRS to study transmission dynamics under community control strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"How does media coverage affect disease transmission and reproduction numbers?\",\"answer\":\"Transmission probability is adjusted based on media coverage, and the effective reproduction number Ref is calculated including separate contributions from asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.\"},{\"question\":\"Which mathematical tools are applied to analyze stability and persistence?\",\"answer\":\"Local stability of infection-free and endemic equilibria is studied using Routh–Hurwitz criteria, global stability uses Castillo–Chavez (infection-free) and Lyapunov functional (endemic), and persistence is examined using uniform persistence.\"}]","Media campaigns, early diagnosis, isolation and treatment on bacterial meningitis outbreak prevention - A modeling study | PDF",1790724718,83]