[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-383282-105":59,"doc-detail-383282-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","mechanisms-of-prostate-cancer-cells-survival-and-their-therapeutic-targeting-review","Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting - Review","","Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and causes nearly 400,000 deaths annually, with multiple contributors to its etiology including age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, and inflammation. Local disease can be managed effectively with radical surgery or radiation, but metastatic progression leads to androgen deprivation therapy aimed at lowering circulating testosterone. When testosterone reaches castration levels, tumor cells activate adaptive mechanisms that sustain growth and survival, enabling castration-resistant prostate cancer. Understanding these biological adaptations supports development of new drugs to extend survival in this stage.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mechanisms-of-prostate-cancer-cells-survival-and-their-therapeutic-targeting-review/383282/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mechanisms-of-prostate-cancer-cells-survival-and-their-therapeutic-targeting-review/383282.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"hdkawk","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What major treatment approach is used for metastatic prostate cancer, and what is its goal?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Metastatic prostate cancer is primarily treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT reduces circulating testosterone through surgical or medical castration to limit tumor growth.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why does castration-resistant prostate cancer develop after ADT?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"After testosterone drops to castration levels, tumor cells adapt through multiple mechanisms. These adaptations allow continued growth and survival despite therapy.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which types of therapeutic strategies are discussed as important for castration-resistant prostate cancer?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review highlights the development of new drugs, including new androgen receptor (AR) blockers, CYP17A1 blockers, and inhibitors targeting repair pathways such as PARP, among others.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},383282,1790467820,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},3985747859855,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Review  \nMechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting  \nTomislav Pejˇci´c 1,2,*, Zoran Todorovi´c 1,3, Siniša Ðuraševi´c 4 and Lazar Popovi´c 5,6  \nCitation: Pejˇci´c, T.; Todorovi´c, Z.;Ðuraševi´c, S.; Popovi´c, L. Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2939. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms24032939  \nAcademic Editors: Bernard Haendler and Giuseppe Lucarelli  \nReceived: 26 November 2022  \nRevised: 29 January 2023  \nAccepted: 31 January 2023  \nPublished: 2 February 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia  \n2 Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia  \n3 University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia  \n4 Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia  \n5 Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia  \n6 Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia  \n* Correspondence: [tomislav.pejcic@med.bg.ac.rs](tomislav.pejcic@med.bg.ac.rs); Tel.: +381-641281844  \nAbstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common cancer in the world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment of PCa involves radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy in the stages when the tumor is limited to the prostate. When metastases develop, the standard procedure is androgen deprivation therapy, which aims to reduce the level of circulating testosterone, which is achieved by surgical or medical castration. However, when the level of testosterone decreases to the castration level, the tumor cells adapt to the new conditions through different mechanisms, which enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite the therapy. New knowledge about the biology of the so-called of castration-resistant PCa and the way it adapts to therapy will enable the development of new drugs, whose goal is to prolong the survival of patients with this stage of the disease, which will be discussed in this review.  \nKeywords: prostate; cancer; therapy; antiandrogen resistance; new drugs  \n1. Introduction  \nPCa is the second most common cancer in the world, with nearly 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Today's “epidemic” increase in the incidence of PCa may be linked to the change in the diet of Homo sapiens, which happened relatively recently with the development of animal husbandry—animal fat, especially saturated, can contribute to PCa progression, while unsaturated fatty acids (FA) abundant in fish and vegetable oils reduce PCa risk [1] . PCa is rare in Eastern countries where diet is dominated by plants and very common in the West where the Western diet predominates [2] .  \nModern treatment of PCa is most effective when it is detected at the local stage, i.e., when the tumor is limited to the prostate, when radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy is carried out. At the time of diagnosis of PCa, 73% of patients have disease limited to the prostate, while 14% have metastases in regional lymph nodes, and 7% have distant metastases (Cancer Stat Facts: Prostate Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Available at [https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html](https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html), accessed","cbCaif6ACSLBVdyg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif6ACSLBVdyg","pdf",1144700,33,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Prostate","[{\"question\":\"What major treatment approach is used for metastatic prostate cancer, and what is its goal?\",\"answer\":\"Metastatic prostate cancer is primarily treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT reduces circulating testosterone through surgical or medical castration to limit tumor growth.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does castration-resistant prostate cancer develop after ADT?\",\"answer\":\"After testosterone drops to castration levels, tumor cells adapt through multiple mechanisms. These adaptations allow continued growth and survival despite therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of therapeutic strategies are discussed as important for castration-resistant prostate cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights the development of new drugs, including new androgen receptor (AR) blockers, CYP17A1 blockers, and inhibitors targeting repair pathways such as PARP, among others.\"}]","Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting - Review | PDF",1790255680,83]