[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-655859-105":59,"doc-detail-655859-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","mechanisms-in-organic-chemistry-lecture-6-the-hammond-postulate","Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry - Lecture 6 - The Hammond Postulate","","Organic Chemistry Lecture-06 introduces reaction coordinate diagrams as simplified one-dimensional cross-sections of complex potential energy surfaces. The lecture defines the reaction coordinate as a geometry parameter linked to bond breaking and bond making, and the energy axis as the potential energy of reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products. It emphasizes what can be inferred from relative energy profiles, including the number of steps, relative stability, and the position of the transition state. An exercise guides labeling of R, I, and P and analyzing energy barriers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mechanisms-in-organic-chemistry-lecture-6-the-hammond-postulate/655859/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mechanisms-in-organic-chemistry-lecture-6-the-hammond-postulate/655859.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"kopisore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does a reaction coordinate diagram represent in organic chemistry?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It represents a simplified cross-section of a potential energy surface using an energy axis (potential energy) and a reaction coordinate axis (a geometry parameter reflecting bonding changes).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What key information can be obtained from the energy profile of reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"You can infer the number of intermediates/steps, the relative energies (stability) of species, and the relative position of the transition state with respect to reactants, products, and intermediates.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the position/height of transition-state hills relate to the reaction barrier?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Comparing the transition-state heights relative to the reactant shows the size of the barrier to reach each intermediate, indicating which step is rate determining or rate limiting.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},655859,1793073584,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry  \nProf. Nandita Madhavan  \nDepartment of Chemistry  \nIndian Institute of Technology-Bombay  \nLecture-06  \nThe Hammond Postulate  \nSo welcome to the second lecture of this week. In yesterday's lecture we had looked at representing reactions using reaction coordinate diagrams.  \n(Refer Slide Time: 00:23)  \nAnd I told you that in general whenever you have a reaction, the overall reaction can be expressed in terms of a potential energy surface. Now the surface looks pretty complicated, but to simplify it we use what is called as a reaction coordinate which is the cross-section of a potential energy surface and now in the reaction coordinate diagram your Y-axis corresponds to the potential energy and the X-axis corresponds to the reaction coordinate and the reaction coordinate is essentially a geometry parameter which indicates the change in the bonding of the molecules.  \nSo, it could be associated with bond breaking, bond breaking, bond making, so essentially reaction coordinate is a geometry parameter and the Y-axis is the energy parameter. So now with this concept I had asked you to think about this question looking at reaction coordinate diagrams what information do you get.  \n(Refer Slide Time: 01:24)  \nAnd what information do you not get?  \n(Refer Slide Time: 01:31)  \nSo some of the information that you get using these reaction coordinate diagrams is, unlike just showing the reaction with an A going to B arrow representation, in the reaction coordinate diagram you can see the number of intermediates or steps involved in a reaction. Also thereaction coordinate diagram, since you have the Y-axis as energy gives you the relative energy of the reactant, the intermediates, the transition states and of course the product.  \nSo you can compare the relative energies of all these species and the other thing which thereaction coordinate diagram tells you is the position of the transition state with respect to the reactant, product and intermediate. So I would hold on regarding this question as to what information you do not get because although I have listed out all these things that you get from areaction coordinate diagram.  \nIt is very important to see the meaning behind all this. So what can you do by understanding the relative energy of say R, I, TS and P? What do you understand by the position of transition state? So by looking at the position of transition state is there some information that you can get about the reaction? So let us try to get more details on these points before we get to the point as to what information you do not get.  \n(Refer Slide Time: 02:55)  \nSo these are some examples of reaction coordinate diagrams and what I would like you to do is I would like you to do a small exercise, so you can on each of these reaction coordinate diagrams the first thing is on your notebooks you draw each of these diagrams so that they look exactly as seen on your screen. You can pause this video. Okay. So now assuming you have drawn these reaction coordinate diagrams, what I would like you to do is I would like you to label the reactant as R the product as P and the intermediates as I in each of these reaction coordinate diagrams.  \nSo you can again press the pause button and do the small exercise. So hopefully by now you have labelled the reaction coordinate diagrams and your labels should look something like this. So in each case what you have is, so you have your reactant, product and as I told you in the last class the hill corresponds to a transition state. So, in the first case what you see is you have a simple reaction of R going to P.  \nIt looks simple on the reaction coordinate, it might be quite complicated, but by simple what I mean this it has only 1 hill or 1 transition state to cross. So this reaction can be represented as R going to P. Now in the second case what you see is you have 2 hills. So this reaction has 1 intermediate and in the second case also the reaction has 1 interme","cbCairOIrc8h5NhA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairOIrc8h5NhA","pdf",750788,14,"English","# The Hammond Postulate\n## Reaction coordinate diagrams: potential energy surfaces\n## Information gained vs information not obtained\n## Energy profiles of R, I, TS, and P\n## Exercise: labeling and interpreting hills","[{\"question\":\"What does a reaction coordinate diagram represent in organic chemistry?\",\"answer\":\"It represents a simplified cross-section of a potential energy surface using an energy axis (potential energy) and a reaction coordinate axis (a geometry parameter reflecting bonding changes).\"},{\"question\":\"What key information can be obtained from the energy profile of reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products?\",\"answer\":\"You can infer the number of intermediates/steps, the relative energies (stability) of species, and the relative position of the transition state with respect to reactants, products, and intermediates.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the position/height of transition-state hills relate to the reaction barrier?\",\"answer\":\"Comparing the transition-state heights relative to the reactant shows the size of the barrier to reach each intermediate, indicating which step is rate determining or rate limiting.\"}]","Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry - Lecture 6 - The Hammond Postulate | PDF",1792964382,35]