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B; 04-25-01)","","Technical report TR-51 (Rev. B; 04-25-01) explains how surface finishes are measured, recorded, and specified for machined parts used with BAL™ Seals. It describes surface finish value systems and the meanings of arithmetic average roughness (Ra, AA, CLA) and geometric average roughness (RQ, RMS), including how units such as microinch and micron are applied. It also covers measuring instruments, sample area selection, links to dimensional tolerances, and how counterface finish influences seal performance, concluding with references and patent notes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/measuring-surface-finishes-technical-report-tr-51-rev-b-04-25-01/664153/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/measuring-surface-finishes-technical-report-tr-51-rev-b-04-25-01/664153.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"BAd apple","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of TR-51 when working with BAL™ Seals?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"TR-51 provides guidance on surface finishes: how to measure and record them, how to specify them for machined parts, and how counterface finish affects BAL™ Seal performance.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do arithmetic average roughness values (Ra, AA, CLA) describe surface finish?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They quantify the arithmetical average deviation of the actual surface from the profile mean by defining a mean (nominal) line, measuring deviations at equal divisions, tabulating and averaging the results.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the difference between Ra and RQ/RMS in practical terms?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"RQ/RMS are computed by squaring measurements, averaging, and taking the square root, yielding values about 11% higher than Ra for the same surface; they are more sensitive to occasional highs and lows.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},664153,1793241195,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":46},19241458193282,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","| MEASURING SURFACE FINISHES\u003Cbr>Methods used to measure and record surface finishes, describes surface finish values, and explains how to specify surface finishes for machined parts.\u003Cbr>Technical Report\u003Cbr>TR-51 (Rev. B; 04-25-01)\u003Cbr>(100-18) |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | 19650 Pauling\u003Cbr>Foothill Ranch, CA 92610-2610 Tel (949) 460-2100 Fax (949) 460-2300\u003Cbr>Email: sales@balseal.com www.balseal.com | VIDA Building, 1st Floor Kabelweg 57\u003Cbr>1014 BA Amsterdam The Netherlands\u003Cbr>Tel +31 20 638 6523 Fax +31 20 625 6018 Email: [ordersbv@balseal.nl](ordersbv@balseal.nl) |\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \n1.0 Introduction  \n2.0 Surface finish values  \n2.1 Arithmetic average roughness (Ra, AA, and CLA)  \n2.2 Geometric average roughness (RQ and RMS)  \n2.3 English and metric roughness values  \n3.0 Surface finish measuring instruments  \n3.1 Averaging instruments  \n3.2 Surface profiling instruments  \n3.2.1 Surface profile records of various machined surfaces  \n4.0 How to specify surface finishes  \n4.1 Selection of sample area for measurement  \n4.2 Surface finish in relation to dimensional tolerances  \n5.0 How the counterface surface finish affects BAL™ Seal performance  \n6.0 Summary  \n7.0 References  \nThe information, descriptions, recommendations and opinions set forth herein are offered solely for your consideration, inquiry, and verification and are not, in part or in whole, to be construed as constituting a warranty, expressed or implied, nor shall they form or be a part of the basis of any bargain with Bal Seal Engineering. If any sample or model was shown to or provided by Buyer/User, such sample or model was used merely to illustrate the general description and type of goods. Such use is not to be construed as a warranty that the goods will conform to the sample or model. Furthermore, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, IMPLIED OR EXPRESSED, ARE EXCLUDED AND SHALL NOT APPLY. This document provides product options for further investigation by Buyers/Users having technical expertise. The Buyer/User, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the products and for assuming that all performance, safety and warning requirements for the application are met. It is recommended that Buyers/Users run evaluation testing under actual service conditions to determine whether proposed Bal Seal products are suitable for the intended purpose. Nothing contained herein or in any of our literature shall be considered a license or recommendation for any use that may infringe patent rights. (LE-17)  \nPATENTS: The items described in this report include products that are the subject of the following issued United States patents: 5,979,904; 5,994,856; 6,050,572; 5,984,316; 6,161,838 and others, as well as foreign patents or products where patents are pending. (LE-88G)  \n©Copyright 2001, Bal Seal Engineering. U.S.A.  \n1.0 INTRODUCTION  \nThe performance of BAL􀂥 Seals in dynamic sealing application is affected by numerous factors, such as alignment of moving parts, shaft or bore material and hardness, use of lubricant films, seal material flexibility, friction and wear properties, etc. The surface finish of the counterface in contact with a BAL Seal can have a significant effect on seal performance.  \nThis report discusses surface finishes and factors to consider when specifying surface finishes to use in contact with seals. These include:  \n• Surface finish values systems  \n• Surface finish measuring instruments  \n• How to specify surface finishes  \n• How the counterface surface finish affects BAL Seal performance  \n2.0 SURFACE FINISH VALUES  \nThere are several roughness value systems in use. The arithmetic average roughness system measures the arithmetical average deviation of the actual surface from the surface profile mean. The geometric average roughness system measures the geometric average deviation from the same mean.  \n2.1 Arithmetic average rou","cbCainfra6e79fJu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainfra6e79fJu","pdf",1014634,"English","# 1.0 Introduction\n# 2.0 Surface finish values\n## 2.1 Arithmetic average roughness (Ra, AA, and CLA)\n## 2.2 Geometric average roughness (RQ and RMS)\n## 2.3 English and metric roughness values\n# 3.0 Surface finish measuring instruments\n## 3.1 Averaging instruments\n## 3.2 Surface profiling instruments\n# 4.0 How to specify surface finishes\n## 4.1 Selection of sample area for measurement\n## 4.2 Surface finish in relation to dimensional tolerances\n# 5.0 How the counterface surface finish affects BAL™ Seal performance\n# 6.0 Summary\n# 7.0 References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of TR-51 when working with BAL™ Seals?\",\"answer\":\"TR-51 provides guidance on surface finishes: how to measure and record them, how to specify them for machined parts, and how counterface finish affects BAL™ Seal performance.\"},{\"question\":\"How do arithmetic average roughness values (Ra, AA, CLA) describe surface finish?\",\"answer\":\"They quantify the arithmetical average deviation of the actual surface from the profile mean by defining a mean (nominal) line, measuring deviations at equal divisions, tabulating and averaging the results.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between Ra and RQ/RMS in practical terms?\",\"answer\":\"RQ/RMS are computed by squaring measurements, averaging, and taking the square root, yielding values about 11% higher than Ra for the same surface; they are more sensitive to occasional highs and lows.\"}]","MEASURING SURFACE FINISHES - Technical Report - TR-51 (Rev. B; 04-25-01) | PDF"]