[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-292525-105":59,"doc-detail-292525-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","measurement-of-microcirculation-in-clinical-research-proefschrift-introduction","Measurement of Microcirculation in Clinical Research - Proefschrift - Introduction","","The thesis investigates how microcirculation can be measured and leveraged in clinical research to improve cardiovascular risk prediction and prevention. It emphasizes that, while macrovascular disease dominates clinical interventions, microvascular abnormalities often precede later cardiovascular outcomes. The introduction describes microcirculation anatomy and physiology, detailing capillary structure and endothelial regulation of blood flow via signaling pathways, particularly nitric oxide and endothelin-1. It further outlines pathophysiology through endothelial dysfunction and reduced NO bioavailability.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/measurement-of-microcirculation-in-clinical-research-proefschrift-introduction/292525/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/measurement-of-microcirculation-in-clinical-research-proefschrift-introduction/292525.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are microcirculation measurements important for cardiovascular disease prevention?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The document explains that microvascular abnormalities often precede macrovascular disease, and microvascular measurements can strongly predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes and survival. Early targeting of these abnormalities may reduce later cardiovascular problems.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What anatomical structures make up the microcirculation?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Microcirculation includes capillaries (about 5–10 µm in diameter) and, together with arterioles, venules, lymphatic capillaries, and collecting ducts, supports oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange across endothelial cell-lined vessels.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does endothelial dysfunction affect blood flow regulation?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Endothelial dysfunction is described as harmful alteration of endothelial physiology, mainly by reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The text links this to mechanisms such as hypercholesterolemia-driven inflammation and the reaction of NO with oxygen radicals, forming peroxynitrite and further impairing NO signaling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},292525,1789652457,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","measurement of  \nmicrocirculation  \nin clinical research  \nMeasurement of microcirculation in clinical research  \nColofon  \nThe publication of this theisis was financially supported by the foundation Centre for Human Drug Research in Leiden, the Netherlands  \nDesign: Caroline de Lint, Den Haag ([caro@delint. nl](caro@delint. nl))  \nImages: Jacolien Wismeijer, Delft ([j.j.wismeijer@gmail.com](j.j.wismeijer@gmail.com))  \nmeasurement of microcirculation  \nin clinical research  \nProefschrift  \nter verkrijging van  \nde graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, [op gezag van rector magnificus prof.dr.ir. H. Bijl](op gezag van rector magnificus prof.dr.ir. H. Bijl), volgens besluit van het college voor promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 20 juni 2023 klokke 15:00 uur  \ndoor Willem Arnold Jan Birkhoff geboren te Dordrecht in 1985  \ntable of contents  \nchapter I  \nIntroduction – 6  \nchapter Ii Microcirculation measurements in the skin and retina: review of non-invasive tools and their challenges – 11  \nchapter Iii  \nRetinal microcirculation imaging in sickle cell disease patients – 27  \nchapter iv Skin blood flow functions as potential proxy for cerebral blood flow in adults with Sickle cell disease – 37  \nchapter v  \nRetinal oximetry and fractal analysis of capillary maps in sickle cell disease patients and matched healthy volunteers – 49  \nchapter vi Validation of miniaturized dynamic light scattering in the evaluation of endothelial function, coagulation and rheology – 59  \nchapter vii Recombinant human erythropoietin does not affect several microvascular parameters in well-trained cyclists – 67  \nchapter viii Detection of cutaneous oxygen saturation using a novel snapshot hyperspectral camera:  \na feasibility study – 75  \nSummary – 87  \nNederlandse samenvatting – 90 List of publications – 95  \nCurriculum vitae – 96  \nmeasurement of microcirculation in clinical research introduction  \nintroduction  \nMeasurement of microcirculation in clinical research Cardiovascular disease is still one of the most important causes of death, with 17.7 million deaths in 2015, although this has dropped substantially in the last decades.1This was mainly caused by emerging treatment options initially driven by the Framingham studies which identified hypertension and hyperlipidemia as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This resulted in the development of pharmacological treatments which are still widely used. Currently, a treatment option is available formost macrovascular diseases. However, interventions targeting the microcirculation are few and far between. Evaluation of treatments affecting the microcirculation is difficult because of absence of standardized accepted techniques Moreover, it has only become apparent recently that large macrovascular diseases are preluded by microvascular abnormalities and microvascular measurements were strong predictors of long-term cardiovascular disease and survival.2-4 Therefore, early intervention targeting the microvascular abnormalities may support preventing later onset of cardiovascular problems thereby reducing the impact on global heath.  \nMicrocirculation anatomy The systemic circulation delivers blood to all organs and body tissues, amongst others exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide during its course. Exchange takes place mostly in the capillaries, which are about 5 to 10 µm in diameter, are lined with endothelial cells, and are one layer thick. Despite their small size, the surface area of the capillaries is the largest of all vessels in the circulation. Together with the arterioles, venules, lymphatic capillaries and collecting ducts, these vessels form the microcirculation.  \nPhysiology Blood flow in the (micro)circulation is mainly regulated by the arterioles. The arterioles can adjust their diameter and vascular tone by contracting and relaxing the vascular smooth muscle wall. The  \nendothelial tissue in the vessels responds to various stimuli, including neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, sev","cbCaidgOHI7TMstk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidgOHI7TMstk","pdf",3599166,51,"English","# Introduction\n## Microcirculation measurements in the skin and retina: review of non-invasive tools and their challenges\n## Retinal microcirculation imaging in sickle cell disease patients\n## Skin blood flow functions as potential proxy for cerebral blood flow in adults with Sickle cell disease\n## Retinal oximetry and fractal analysis of capillary maps in sickle cell disease patients and matched healthy volunteers\n## Validation of miniaturized dynamic light scattering in the evaluation of endothelial function, coagulation and rheology\n## Recombinant human erythropoietin does not affect several microvascular parameters in well-trained cyclists\n## Detection of cutaneous oxygen saturation using a novel snapshot hyperspectral camera: a feasibility study\n## Summary\n## Nederlandse samenvatting","[{\"question\":\"Why are microcirculation measurements important for cardiovascular disease prevention?\",\"answer\":\"The document explains that microvascular abnormalities often precede macrovascular disease, and microvascular measurements can strongly predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes and survival. Early targeting of these abnormalities may reduce later cardiovascular problems.\"},{\"question\":\"What anatomical structures make up the microcirculation?\",\"answer\":\"Microcirculation includes capillaries (about 5–10 µm in diameter) and, together with arterioles, venules, lymphatic capillaries, and collecting ducts, supports oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange across endothelial cell-lined vessels.\"},{\"question\":\"How does endothelial dysfunction affect blood flow regulation?\",\"answer\":\"Endothelial dysfunction is described as harmful alteration of endothelial physiology, mainly by reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The text links this to mechanisms such as hypercholesterolemia-driven inflammation and the reaction of NO with oxygen radicals, forming peroxynitrite and further impairing NO signaling.\"}]","Measurement of Microcirculation in Clinical Research - Proefschrift - Introduction | PDF",129]