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This study aimed to culturally and linguistically adapt MCP-C for Chinese caregivers of advanced cancer patients in Hong Kong to improve acceptability, relevance, and conceptual equivalence.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/meaning-centered-psychotherapy-for-chinese-caregivers-of-patients-with-advanced-cancer-cultural-and-linguistic-adaptation/353224/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/meaning-centered-psychotherapy-for-chinese-caregivers-of-patients-with-advanced-cancer-cultural-and-linguistic-adaptation/353224.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Well Done","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is cultural and linguistic adaptation of MCP-C needed for Chinese caregivers in Hong Kong?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Caregiver values in Chinese contexts are shaped by Confucian ethics, while MCP-C was developed in Western settings. The study targeted improved acceptability, relevance, and conceptual equivalence for Chinese caregivers.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the adaptation process conducted?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The team used the ORBIT model and Bernal’s ecological validity model (EVM), conducting semistructured interviews with nine caregivers and eight healthcare professionals. 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Applebaum4  \nReceived: 12 November 2025 / Accepted: 22 June 2026 / Published online: 2 July 2026 © The Author(s) 2026  \nAbstract  \nPurpose Cancer incidence is rising in Hong Kong, with over half of common cancers diagnosed at advanced stages, placing substantial demands on families and driving high caregiver distress. Meaning-centered psychotherapy for cancer caregivers (MCP-C) shows promise in Western settings but requires cultural tailoring for Chinese caregivers whose values are shaped by Confucian ethics. This study aimed to culturally and linguistically adapt MCP-C for Chinese caregivers of patients with advanced cancer in Hong Kong to enhance acceptability, relevance and conceptual equivalence.  \nMethods Guided by the ORBIT model and Bernal’s ecological validity model (EVM), we conducted semistructured interviews with nine cancer caregivers and eight healthcare professionals (oncologists, nurses, social worker and clinical psychologist) . The manual was translated and transcreated into traditional Chinese. Analysis used a hybrid deductive–inductive approach anchored to EVM domains with dual independent coding and consensus adjudication.  \nResults Adaptations spanned all eight EVM domains (language, persons, metaphors/stories, content, goals, methods, concepts and context), including reframing “meaning” around family roles and filial responsibility, integrating Cantonese idioms, simplifying terminology, rebranding as a “meaning-centered well-being program,” and enabling online delivery to improve feasibility.  \nConclusion This systematic adaptation preserved therapeutic fidelity while enhancing cultural fit for Chinese caregivers. A mixed-methods feasibility study will evaluate acceptability, appropriateness and preliminary outcomes (meaning in life, distress, spiritual well-being and benefit finding) to inform subsequent efficacy trials.  \nKeywords Advanced cancer · Caregivers · Chinese · Meaning-centered · Cultural adaptation  \nBackground  \nCancer incidence continues to rise globally and within specific regions, including Hong Kong [1] . In Hong Kong, more than half of cases in the three most common cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage [1] . While advances in  \n* Naomi Takemura [naomi.takemura@polyu.edu.hk](naomi.takemura@polyu.edu.hk)  \n1 School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, SAR, China  \n2 JC STEM Lab of Digital Oncology Care Enhancement, Hong Kong, SAR, China  \n3 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China  \n4 Steven S. Elbaum Family Center for Caregiving, Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA  \ncancer treatment prolong survival for patients with advanced disease, the substantial responsibility for care provision increasingly falls upon families and caregivers outside formal healthcare settings [2, 3] . Caregivers for patients with advanced cancer shoulder tremendous responsibilities and face significant challenges, including disrupted schedules, limited career advancement and social isolation [4–6] . These demands contribute to significant caregiver burden and psychological distress, with common manifestations such as burnout and anticipatory grief related to the poor prognosis of the care recipients [4–6] . This leads to clinically significant distress among caregivers, with rates ranging from 55 to 90% throughout the course of the disease [7–9] . This distress extends beyond the diagnostic phase, persisting overtime and often manifesting as heightened death anxiety and unique existential concerns, including guilt, anticipatory grief [10] and despair re","cbCaigMMzoYK8Wc5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigMMzoYK8Wc5","pdf",625920,12,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Background","[{\"question\":\"Why is cultural and linguistic adaptation of MCP-C needed for Chinese caregivers in Hong Kong?\",\"answer\":\"Caregiver values in Chinese contexts are shaped by Confucian ethics, while MCP-C was developed in Western settings. The study targeted improved acceptability, relevance, and conceptual equivalence for Chinese caregivers.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the adaptation process conducted?\",\"answer\":\"The team used the ORBIT model and Bernal’s ecological validity model (EVM), conducting semistructured interviews with nine caregivers and eight healthcare professionals. The translated manual was transcreated into traditional Chinese and analyzed with a hybrid deductive–inductive approach with dual independent coding.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key adaptation changes across EVM domains?\",\"answer\":\"Adaptations covered all eight EVM domains, including reframing meaning around family roles and filial responsibility, integrating Cantonese idioms, simplifying terminology, rebranding as a meaning-centered well-being program, and enabling online delivery to improve feasibility.\"}]","Meaning-centered psychotherapy for Chinese caregivers of patients with advanced cancer - Cultural and linguistic adaptation | PDF",1790103662]