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Subscription growth accelerated during the COVID-19 period and is expected to continue as consumers seek convenience, healthier and more diverse meals, and reduced food waste. Because the domestic kitchen is a critical setting for foodborne illness when recommended food safety and handling practices are not followed, increased meal-kit use may elevate related risks. The article investigates UK-specific food safety implications and recommends directions for future research on consumer engagement with meal-kits and recipe cards.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/meal-kit-use-in-the-united-kingdom-implications-for-food-safety/401080/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/meal-kit-use-in-the-united-kingdom-implications-for-food-safety/401080.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"ahduag","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are meal-kit delivery services, and why are they increasing in the UK?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Meal-kit services provide measured ingredients and recipe cards that guide cooking at home. Their popularity has grown over the last decade and rose further during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by convenience, healthier and more diverse recipes, and reduced food waste.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do NRTE meal kits differ from ready-to-eat (RTE) food delivery?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"NRTE meal kits often include raw, perishable ingredients that require chilled storage, preparation, and cooking by the consumer. RTE services deliver meals requiring no further preparation.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why does increased meal-kit use create food-safety challenges for consumers?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The domestic kitchen is a key location where foodborne illness can occur if recommended food safety and handling practices are not implemented. Since meal kits enable cooking with raw ingredients at home, they may increase risks associated with sporadic foodborne illness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},401080,1790672654,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},3985747870414,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","GENERAL INTEREST PAPER  \nMeal-Kit Use in the United Kingdom: Implications for Food Safety  \nNaomi J. Melville,* Elizabeth C. Redmond, Joseph E. B. Baldwin, and Ellen W. Evans  \nZERO2FIVE Food Industry Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales CF5 2YB, UK  \nSUMMARY  \nMeal-kit delivery services provide consumers with measured ingredients and step-by-step recipe guidance for the preparation of meals in a domestic setting. Subscriptions  \nto companies that provide meal-kit delivery services have grown over the last decade, with the market value forecast to continue. During this period, a substantial increase in the popularity of domestic cooking has been reported, particularly preparing and cooking food using raw ingredients. Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, subscriptions to meal-kit delivery services increased considerably. This trend is expected to be maintained, with consumers opting for the convenience of home-delivery options that provide healthier, more diverse, and interesting recipes with less food waste. The domestic kitchen is recognized as a key location for acquiring foodborne illness without implementation of recommended food safety and handling practices. As meal-kit delivery services enable consumers to prepare and cook food at home using raw ingredients, there are possible implications associated with food safety and potentially increased risks of foodborne illness. Given the association of the domestic kitchen with the sporadic incidence of foodborne illness, this current consumer trend presents unique food safety challenges. The aim of the article is to investigate the potential food safety implications associated with increasing meal-kit use in the United Kingdom and provide recommendations for future research in relation to consumer engagement with meal-kitsand meal-kit recipe cards.  \nOVERVIEW  \nOnline food delivery market  \nOnline ordering of food and groceries has increased in popularity in recent years (3, 37, 54). The sector comprises of two distinct categories: ready-to-eat (RTE) food delivery services, which requires no further preparation of food by the consumer, and not-ready-to-eat (NRTE) meal-kit delivery services, which require further preparation of ingredients by the consumer.  \nRTE food delivery services can be used by consumers to order RTE meals from chains and independent restaurants. In the United Kingdom, platform aggregation services, including Deliveroo, Uber Eats, and Just Eat, collect menus from different restaurants, and RTE meals can be ordered  \nvia the service providers’websites or mobile applications. Subsequently, self-employed couriers pick up the RTE meals from the restaurant and deliver them directly to the consumer by either car or bike (9, 32, 37, 56).  \nNRTE meal-kit delivery services can be distinguished from RTE food delivery services as meal-kits can include raw food ingredients that require storage, preparation, and cooking for some or all components by the consumer. Meal-kits provide fresh ingredients that are measured, appropriately wrapped, packaged, and placed in a branded cardboard delivery box with ice packs, if applicable (8, 29), because NRTE mealkits frequently include perishable foods that require chilled storage during transportation and at home by the consumer. Some providers only supply ingredient kits, such as cooking pastes, spice blends, and sauces, which are accompanied by a list of fresh ingredients that consumers must obtain from a supermarket (30).  \nProviders can offer meal-kits via subscription or on demand (14, 30). Because NRTE foods require further processing upon receipt by the consumer, foods can be sent through mail order (Fig. 1). According to UK legislative requirements, distance selling operations of RTE foods are allowed, but such foods are subject to stricter regulations relating to temperature control because of the risk of bacterial growth (14). In contrast, for the selling of NRTE, consu","cbCaitY07sgTbum5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitY07sgTbum5","pdf",277098,"English","# Summary\n# Overview\n## Online food delivery market\n## Meal kits appeal\n# Food-safety implications and consumer engagement","[{\"question\":\"What are meal-kit delivery services, and why are they increasing in the UK?\",\"answer\":\"Meal-kit services provide measured ingredients and recipe cards that guide cooking at home. Their popularity has grown over the last decade and rose further during the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by convenience, healthier and more diverse recipes, and reduced food waste.\"},{\"question\":\"How do NRTE meal kits differ from ready-to-eat (RTE) food delivery?\",\"answer\":\"NRTE meal kits often include raw, perishable ingredients that require chilled storage, preparation, and cooking by the consumer. RTE services deliver meals requiring no further preparation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does increased meal-kit use create food-safety challenges for consumers?\",\"answer\":\"The domestic kitchen is a key location where foodborne illness can occur if recommended food safety and handling practices are not implemented. Since meal kits enable cooking with raw ingredients at home, they may increase risks associated with sporadic foodborne illness.\"}]","Meal-Kit Use in the United Kingdom: Implications for Food Safety | PDF",1790516482]