[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-201675-en":3,"doc-seo-201675-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":95},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},201675,3848291630094,"Emma Wilson","https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",4,"Exam","MCAT Amino Acids Cheat Sheet - review","Concise MCAT-focused reference on amino acids, covering the shared backbone structure and how protonation changes with pH relative to key pKa values. Summarizes defining categories including essential, aliphatic, commonly phosphorylated, and ionizable amino acids, with included residue lists and mnemonic aids for rapid recall. Classifies amino acids by polarity (nonpolar vs polar) and charge state at pH 7, highlights special biochemical behaviors like pi stacking, and provides pI calculation rules and quick identification notes for key types.","MCAT Amino Acids Cheat Sheet  \n[MCAT-alyst.com](MCAT-alyst.com)  \nThe Backbone  \nEvery amino acid has the exact same backbone (except Proline)  \nR  \nAmino Group; pKa = 9.5  \n• Positively Charged Nitrogen at pH = 7 + Carboxyl Group; pKa = 2  \n3 • Negatively Charged Oxygen at pH = 7  \nR-Group Carbon  \n• Holds the variable R group  \nWhen pH \u003C pKa, the functional group to be protonated  \nWhen pH > pKa, the functional group will be deprotonated  \nSpecial Characteristics of Amino Acids  \n\n| Essential Amino Acids\u003Cbr>Denoted with $\u003Cbr>Amino Acids that humans cannot synthesize on our own, obtained from our diet Includes: Phe, Val, Trp, Thr, Ile, Met, His, Leu, Lys\u003Cbr>Mnemonic: Private Tim Hall (PVT TIM HLL), where in the acronym the first letter is the first\u003Cbr>letter of the full name of the amino acid |\n| --- |\n| Aliphatic Amino Acids\u003Cbr>Denoted with *\u003Cbr>Amino Acids with R groups that are non-aromatic\u003Cbr>Includes: G, A, V, L, I, M, and P\u003Cbr>Mnemonic: Great Athletes Vivaciously LIMP |\n| Commonly Phosphorylated Amino Acids\u003Cbr>Denoted with ^\u003Cbr>Amino Acids with an R-group hydroxyl that can be phosphorylated easily\u003Cbr>Includes: S, Y, and T\u003Cbr>Serine\u003Cbr>Tyrosine Threonine\u003Cbr>Note: The acidic amino acids can “mimic” phosphorylation due to having negative charges like\u003Cbr>phosphates do\u003Cbr>|\n\nIonizable Amino Acids  \nDenoted with @  \nAmino Acids that can either accept or donate a H+ by altering the pH Includes: Acidic Amino Acids (D and E), Basic Amino Acids (K, R, and H), C, and Y  \nMCAT Amino Acids Cheat Sheet  \nKey  \n* = Aliphatic (non-aromatic hydrocarbons)^ = Commonly Phosphorylated  \n$ = Essential (cannot by synthesized by humans)@ = Ionizable [MCAT-alyst.com](MCAT-alyst.com)  \nNonpolar (Uncharged) Amino Acids  \nCharacteristics: Nonpolar, Uncharged R-Group, found on the interior of Globular (water soluble) proteins and transmembrane proteins  \nGlycine*  \nG, Gly  \nValine*$  \nV, Val  \nLeucine*$  \nL, Leu  \nIsoleucine*$ I, Ile  \nPhenylalanine$ F, Phe  \nTryptophan$ W, Trp  \nProline*  \nP, Pro  \nAlanine*  \nA, Ala  \nMethionine*$ M, Met  \nMnemonic: Grandma Always Visits London In March For Water Parks  \nPolar (Uncharged) Amino Acids  \nCharacteristics: Polar, Uncharged R-Group, found on the exterior of Globular (water soluble) proteins and transmembrane proteins  \nSerine^  \nS, Ser  \nThreonine^$ T, Thr  \nCysteine@  \nC, Cys  \nAsparagine  \nN, Asn  \nGlutamine  \nQ, Gln  \nTyrosine^@ Y, Tyr  \nMnemonic: Some Tiny Chemists Need Quick Yields  \nOther Important Amino Acid Notes:  \nPi Stacking-Aromatic Amino Acids (F, W, and Y) can Pi stack with each other Histidine-can act as an acid or base, most commonly a base Configurations-All amino acids have S and L configurations, except G which has no chiral center, and Cysteine which is R and L Proline-The only amino acid to have a secondary amine in its backbone due to the R-group ring  \nAcidic (Anionic) Amino Acids  \nCharacteristics: Have a net-1 charge at pH = 7  \nAspartic Acid@ D, Asp  \nGlutamic Acid@  \nE, Glu  \nCalculating pI: (pKa,Carboxyl + pKa,R-Group) / 2 Mnemonic: Evil Dragons  \nBasic (Cationic) Amino Acids  \nCharacteristics: Have a net +1 charge at pH = 7  \nCalculating pI: (pKa,Amino + pKa,R-Group) / 2 Mnemonic: Knights Ride Horses","cbCaienw6v1V6fFf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaienw6v1V6fFf","pdf",495391,1,2,"English","en",105,"# The Backbone\n## Ionizable Amino Acids\n# Special Characteristics of Amino Acids\n## Essential Amino Acids\n## Aliphatic Amino Acids\n## Commonly Phosphorylated Amino Acids\n# Nonpolar (Uncharged) Amino Acids\n## Polar (Uncharged) Amino Acids\n# Other Important Amino Acid Notes\n## Acidic (Anionic) Amino Acids\n## Basic (Cationic) Amino Acids","[{\"question\":\"What pH rule explains how an amino acid’s functional group changes with protonation?\",\"answer\":\"When pH is below the relevant pKa, the functional group is protonated. When pH is above the pKa, the functional group becomes deprotonated.\"},{\"question\":\"Which amino acids are marked as essential on the cheat sheet, and how are they remembered?\",\"answer\":\"Essential amino acids include Phe, Val, Trp, Thr, Ile, Met, His, Leu, and Lys. They are remembered with the mnemonic “Private Tim Hall (PVT TIM HLL)”.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the cheat sheet guide calculating pI and identifying acidic vs basic amino acids?\",\"answer\":\"For acidic amino acids, use pI = (pKa,carboxyl + pKa,R-group)/2 with Asp and Glu (net −1 at pH 7). For basic amino acids, use pI = (pKa,amino + pKa,R-group)/2 with Lys, Arg, and His (net +1 at pH 7).\"}]","MCAT Amino Acids Cheat Sheet - review | PDF",1788537032,5,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":90,"head_meta":92,"extra_data":94,"updated_unix":28},"mcat-amino-acids-cheat-sheet-review","",{"@graph":36,"@context":89},[37,52,72],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mcat-amino-acids-cheat-sheet-review/201675/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"image":54,"author":59,"headline":13,"publisher":61,"fileFormat":64,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":65,"datePublished":66,"encodingFormat":64,"isAccessibleForFree":67,"interactionStatistic":68},"DigitalDocument",{"url":55,"@type":56,"width":57,"height":58},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mcat-amino-acids-cheat-sheet-review/201675.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":9,"@type":60},"Person",{"url":41,"name":62,"@type":63},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":69,"interactionType":70,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":71},"ViewAction",{"@type":73,"mainEntity":74},"FAQPage",[75,81,85],{"name":76,"@type":77,"acceptedAnswer":78},"What pH rule explains how an amino acid’s functional group changes with protonation?","Question",{"text":79,"@type":80},"When pH is below the relevant pKa, the functional group is protonated. When pH is above the pKa, the functional group becomes deprotonated.","Answer",{"name":82,"@type":77,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Which amino acids are marked as essential on the cheat sheet, and how are they remembered?",{"text":84,"@type":80},"Essential amino acids include Phe, Val, Trp, Thr, Ile, Met, His, Leu, and Lys. They are remembered with the mnemonic “Private Tim Hall (PVT TIM HLL)”.",{"name":86,"@type":77,"acceptedAnswer":87},"How does the cheat sheet guide calculating pI and identifying acidic vs basic amino acids?",{"text":88,"@type":80},"For acidic amino acids, use pI = (pKa,carboxyl + pKa,R-group)/2 with Asp and Glu (net −1 at pH 7). For basic amino acids, use pI = (pKa,amino + pKa,R-group)/2 with Lys, Arg, and His (net +1 at pH 7).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":91,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":62,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":93,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":96},[97,101,105,108,112,117,122,127,132,135,139],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},70,"exam",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":131},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":134},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":136,"slug":138},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":140,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":141,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":142},19,"General","general"]