[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-589239-105":59,"doc-detail-589239-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","mass-literacy-campaigns-away-back-to-the-future","Mass Literacy Campaigns: AWay Back to the Future?","","Mass Literacy Campaigns: AWay Back to the Future? examines the rise of mass campaigns as the dominant adult literacy provision model in the 1960s–1970s, then explains why geopolitical shifts led to their rejection. It analyzes later revival efforts, including initiatives in Timor-Leste and Australia, and challenges the idea of innovation by linking it to neo-liberal economic development ideology. The study uses experiences tied to the Yo, sí puedo model and contrasts long-standing development approaches affecting adult literacy policy and practice worldwide.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mass-literacy-campaigns-away-back-to-the-future/589239/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mass-literacy-campaigns-away-back-to-the-future/589239.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What model dominated adult literacy provision in the 1960s and 1970s?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Mass campaigns dominated adult literacy provision in that period, especially across many Global South contexts. The article frames their later rejection and subsequent revival as part of changing geopolitical priorities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the paper question the concept of “innovation” in literacy campaigns?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It problematizes innovation by arguing that it is associated with a neo-liberal ideology of economic development. This association contributes to adult literacy policies and programs that remain ineffective at national or global levels.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are mass adult literacy campaigns defined in the paper?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They are coordinated, sustained community, regional, or national efforts to raise literacy among the least literate adults. The approach mobilizes local resources and uses a simple standardized method, followed by post-literacy consolidation activities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},589239,1792165996,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","ADULT LITERACY EDUCATION SPRING 2023  \n| [http://doi.org/10.35847/BBoughton.5.2.20](http://doi.org/10.35847/BBoughton.5.2.20) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | Research Article |\n\nMass Literacy Campaigns: AWay Back to the Future?  \nBob Boughton, University of New England, Australia  \nAbstract  \nIn the 1960s and 1970s, mass campaigns were the dominant model of adult literacy provision, especially in countries of the Global South. After a long absence, there is now a revival of international interest in this model. This paper looks back on the earlier history of mass campaigns and the geopolitical reasons for their rejection, to help make sense of the problems encountered by more recent attempts to mount literacy campaigns in Timor-Leste and Australia. This analysis problematizes the concept of innovation, by identifying its association with a neo-liberal ideology of economic development which continues to produce adult literacy policy and programs which are ineffective at a national or global level.  \nKeywords: mass literacy campaigns; Yo, sí puedo; Cuba; UNESCO; Timor-Leste; First Nations, Australia; adult literacy policy; innovation.  \nIn 1990, the international community’s Education for All (EFA) strategy undertook to halve the number of“illiterate” and“semi-literate” adults in the world by 2015. At the end of this period, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2015) concluded the EFA’s impact was minimal:“The rate of illiteracy is likely to have dropped slightly from 18% in 2000 to 14% in 2015”(p.135) . One of UNESCO’s responses was to revisit the mass literacy campaign as a way of increasing the adult literacy rates within a defined period of time. Its study of recent campaigns (Hanemann, 2015) considered several examples, including Yo, sí puedo (English:  \nYes, I Can!), a model developed at the end of the last century by Cuban adult literacy specialists. This paper reflects on the experience of participatory action research projects undertaken with  \ncampaigns which used this model, in Timor-Leste (2005-2012), and in First Nations communities in Australia (2012-2020) .  \nThe Yo, sí puedo (hereafter YSP) campaigns in Timor-Leste and Australia could be said to represent a significant innovation in the field of adult literacy provision, if we apply the definition of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2015), as something which is novel, implementable, and impactful. For example, YSP is a novel, widely implemented expression of \"south-south\" development  \nco-operation in the field of education (Muhr, 2015) . At the same time, it maintains important continuities with the mass adult literacy campaigns ofthe 20th century, including Cuba’sown iconic campaign in 1961. The two case studies aim to show that, whatever one might say  \nCorrespondence: [bob.boughton@une.edu.au](bob.boughton@une.edu.au) 20  \nabout innovation, adult literacy theory, policy, and practice in the 21st century remains caught between two long-standing but contradictory models of development, each of which implies its own approach to reducing the number of people in society who have low to no literacy in their country’s official languages.  \nMass literacy campaigns have been a feature of societies undergoing major change for the last 400 years (Arnove & Graff, 2008) . In the 20th century, they were adopted by many revolutionary and anticolonial independence movements and newly independent countries. In the 1960s and 1970s, the concept of“functional literacy” was proposed by adult education specialists, largely from the United States, as an “innovative” alternative to this mass approach. This model favored smallscale selective and preferably non-government adult literacy programs, focussed on vocational skills which improve economic productivity.  \nThe paper begins with a closer look at this earlier history, when the concept of“innovation” was first deployed in the literacy field. The next sections discu","cbCainTUa5raJe23","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainTUa5raJe23","pdf",136683,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Historical context and definitions\n## International strategies and UNESCO responses\n## Yo, sí puedo: innovation vs continuity\n## Policy implications in Timor-Leste and Australia","[{\"question\":\"What model dominated adult literacy provision in the 1960s and 1970s?\",\"answer\":\"Mass campaigns dominated adult literacy provision in that period, especially across many Global South contexts. The article frames their later rejection and subsequent revival as part of changing geopolitical priorities.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper question the concept of “innovation” in literacy campaigns?\",\"answer\":\"It problematizes innovation by arguing that it is associated with a neo-liberal ideology of economic development. This association contributes to adult literacy policies and programs that remain ineffective at national or global levels.\"},{\"question\":\"How are mass adult literacy campaigns defined in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"They are coordinated, sustained community, regional, or national efforts to raise literacy among the least literate adults. The approach mobilizes local resources and uses a simple standardized method, followed by post-literacy consolidation activities.\"}]","Mass Literacy Campaigns: AWay Back to the Future? | PDF",1792066815,33]