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Explaining New Marriage Trends in the U.S.","","This paper documents new stylized facts on marriage rates in the United States from 2000 to 2021, emphasizing how wage gaps and work hours shape observed changes. Using IPUMS-USA data, it groups individuals by median wages for each gender, computes median wages, hours, and marriage fractions, and identifies divergent trends across income groups. The analysis develops and calibrates a marriage model with wage and hour heterogeneity, then tests it with 2021 data and decomposes wage-structure versus work-hour effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/marry-for-money-or-time-explaining-new-marriage-trends-in-the-us/608385/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/marry-for-money-or-time-explaining-new-marriage-trends-in-the-us/608385.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"jayni","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What period and data does the paper analyze for marriage trends?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It studies marriage rates in the United States from 2000 to 2021 using IPUMS-USA data derived from the U.S. Census and the American Community Survey (ACS).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are income groups defined in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"For each gender, individuals are divided into two groups using the median income for that gender as the threshold.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What explains the decline in marriage rates and the rise among high-income women?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The results indicate that changes in work hours—especially reductions in men’s work hours—better explain both the overall decline and the increase in marriage rates among high-income women.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},608385,1792614661,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747859343,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Marry for Money or Time? Explaining New Marriage Trends in the  \nU.S .  \nHamza Benazzi  \nOctober 15, 2024  \nClick here for the latest version  \nAbstract  \nThis paper documents new stylized facts on marriage rates in the United States from 2000 to 2021, emphasizing both the role of wage gaps and work hours. Using data from IPUMS-USA, individuals are divided into income groups based on median wages for each gender. The study finds that while marriage rates have dropped formost groups, high-income women have seen an increase in marriage rates, a new and surprising finding. To understand these patterns, a marriage model that accounts for different wage levels and work hours is developed and calibrated using data from the year 2000 . The model is tested with 2021 data, and the impacts of wage and work hours changes are examined separately. The results show that changes in work hours, especially reductions in men’s work hours, better explain both the overall decline in marriage rates and the rise in marriage rates among high-income women.  \nJel classification: D31, J12, J16 .  \nKeywords: Marriage, Income groups, working hours, wage structure.  \n1 Introduction  \nOver the past several decades, aggregate marriage rates have been declining worldwide, a trend with far-reaching social and economic implications for household formations, fertility rates, labor market dynamics, and inequality. Understanding the factors driving changes in marriage patterns is crucial for policymakers and researchers alike. Recently, Moro et al. (2017), using cross-country panel data on marital statistics from 1900 to 2000 for 16 OECD countries, document that the fraction of married individuals follows a hump-shaped pattern. The peak in marriage rates, occurring between 1960 and 1980, underscores a turning point after which marriage rates began their steady decline. Many other economists highlighted the same trend.  \nIt has been understood now that the decline in marriage has been accompanied by several stylized facts. First, the literature emphasizes that marriage patterns are not homogeneous across groups, particularly among different education levels (Chiappori et al. , 2018; Chiappori et al. ,2020) and racial groups (Caucutt et al. , 2021) . In the United States for example, the decline in marriage rates has been most apparent among non-collegeeducated and Black Americans (Greenwood et al. ,2016; Caucutt et al. ,2021) . Another established stylized fact is the rise in assortative mating, particularly an increase in the fraction of marriages in which both partners share the same educational level (Greenwood et al. ,2016) . The two main underlying forces considered by the literature are technological progress in household production and changes in the labor market that began in the 1960s, such as educational attainment and female labor force participation. (Stevenson and Wolfers, 2007; Greenwood and Guner, 2009; Greenwood et al. , 2014; Greenwood et al. , 2016) . Some other drivers include technological improvement in contraceptives and changed social perception towards sex outside wedlock (Greenwood and Guner, 2010) .  \nThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of two specific economic factors on recent marriage patterns in the United States; factors that have not been extensively explored by the existing literature, specifically the effects of changes in the wage structure and work hours on household formation. To this end, I utilize data from the U.S. Census and the American Community Survey (ACS) from 2000 to 2021, including the 1% ACSand 5% Census samples provided through IPUMS-USA (Ruggles et al. , 2024) . I divide my data into two income groups for each gender, using the median income specific to each gender as the threshold to separate the groups. For example, men are divided into those falling below and those above the median income for men, and the same approach is applied to women. This method ensures that individuals are compared to ","cbCaiiv8vZKJuU3D","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiv8vZKJuU3D","pdf",865885,31,"English","# Abstract\n# 1 Introduction\n## Research purpose and data\n## Contributions and key stylized facts","[{\"question\":\"What period and data does the paper analyze for marriage trends?\",\"answer\":\"It studies marriage rates in the United States from 2000 to 2021 using IPUMS-USA data derived from the U.S. Census and the American Community Survey (ACS).\"},{\"question\":\"How are income groups defined in the study?\",\"answer\":\"For each gender, individuals are divided into two groups using the median income for that gender as the threshold.\"},{\"question\":\"What explains the decline in marriage rates and the rise among high-income women?\",\"answer\":\"The results indicate that changes in work hours—especially reductions in men’s work hours—better explain both the overall decline and the increase in marriage rates among high-income women.\"}]","Marry for Money or Time? Explaining New Marriage Trends in the U.S. | PDF",1792248984,78]