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In the years after 9/11, queer communities widely cast Bingham as a modern-day hero, while mainstream attention often adds notoriety. The author argues this hero narrative can also drive the dismissal and erasure of other queer people, especially Black, Brown, and transgender individuals, whose heroic actions remain largely unrecognized. 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The article notes that queer communities have come to view him as a modern-day hero for his role during the hijacking.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the author’s main concern about Bingham’s hero status?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The author argues that highlighting Bingham as a hero can contribute to the dismissal and erasure of other queer people of color, particularly Black, Brown, and transgender individuals.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the article describe the broader impact of anti-Muslim sentiment after 9/11?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It explains that many LGBTQ/queer community members experienced fear and sadness amid waves of anti-Muslim speech and actions following the attacks.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},576221,1792633471,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","Mark Bingham:  \nThe Making of a Gay Hero and Queer Remembrance After 9/11  \nJ.B. Mayo, Jr.  \nUniversity of Minnesota, U.S.A.  \n[mayo@umn.edu](mayo@umn.edu)  \nArticle Info  \nReceived: April 6, 2021  \nRevised: June 9, 2021  \nAccepted: June 20, 2021  \n [https://doi.org/10.29173/css24](https://doi.org/10.29173/css24)  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 International license.  \n( [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) )  \nABSTRACT  \nIn this article, the author recounts some of the events that occurred on September 11, 2001, when four doomed airlines crashed after being hijacked by 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists, resulting in the deaths of 2,977 people in New York, New York, at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and on an empty field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It is at this latter location, where United Flight 93 crashed killing everyone onboard, including 31-year-old Mark Bingham, an openly gay businessman and member of a small group of people who, it is believed, wrested control from the hijackers and brought the plane down. In the years postSeptember 11, Bingham has become known as a modernday hero by the various queer communities, while also garnering a high level of notoriety among many mainstream people as well. The author maintains, however, that Bingham’s hero status simultaneously contributes to the dismissal and erasure of countless other queer people, primarily Black, Brown, and transgender, who have also performed heroic acts throughout modern U.S. history. Without diminishing the actions Bingham and the others took on board United Flight 93, the author questions why this particular gay man is remembered, while countless other queer/trans people of color remain largely unknown.  \nKEYWORDS  \nqueer; Mark Bingham; Marsha P. Johnson, transgender, LGBTQ, 9/11  \nIntroduction  \nThe horrific events of Tuesday, September 11, 2001, are well documented and seared into the memories of many people across the United States and around the globe. On this fateful day, Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked and crashed American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 in New York City and a third plane, American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon, located in Arlington, Virginia. Given the media coverage of the two planes that crashed into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center, those images—the moments of impact, the explosions, and subsequent collapse of both buildings—are etched into the collective memories of this nation. For some, these memories are centered on family members, friends, and even perfect strangers whose lives abruptly ended that day. We cringed as we imagined the sense of panic turned quickly into hopelessness as thousands realized that they were going to die. We watched in agony as individuals jumped from the burning towers in a desperate attempt to avoid the smoke and flames. For others, the shock of an attack on U.S. soil and the impending fear of what might happen next embody the memories of that day. And then there are those individuals, fellow U.S. citizens, who remember September 11 as the day they became the target of hate-driven, anti-Muslim speech and actions because far too many people in the United States equated Muslim (and even the perception of that identity) with “terrorist.”  \nGiven these collective memories, people can still vividly recall where they were and what they were doing—some twenty years later—when they first heard about and later watched on television what had taken place just minutes earlier. And for some, what they witnessed was in real time, given the seventeen-minute time span between American Airlines Flight 11 crashing into the North Tower at 8:46 a.m. (EST) and the collision of United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower at 9:03 a.m. The third plane, American Airlines Flight 77, slammed into the southwest side of the Pentagon, located in Arlington, Virginia, at 9:37 a.m., kill","cbCainXRVtXZgdFr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainXRVtXZgdFr","pdf",240691,"English","# Introduction\n## September 11 events and collective memory\n## Queer remembrance and hero-making","[{\"question\":\"Who is Mark Bingham and why is he remembered after 9/11?\",\"answer\":\"Mark Bingham was an openly gay businessman aboard United Flight 93. The article notes that queer communities have come to view him as a modern-day hero for his role during the hijacking.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the author’s main concern about Bingham’s hero status?\",\"answer\":\"The author argues that highlighting Bingham as a hero can contribute to the dismissal and erasure of other queer people of color, particularly Black, Brown, and transgender individuals.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article describe the broader impact of anti-Muslim sentiment after 9/11?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that many LGBTQ/queer community members experienced fear and sadness amid waves of anti-Muslim speech and actions following the attacks.\"}]","Mark Bingham - The Making of a Gay Hero and Queer Remembrance After 9/11 | PDF",1792029364,15]