[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40546-en":3,"doc-seo-40546-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40546,7971461740909,"Levi","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",9,"Religion & Spirituality","Marcus Aurelius Meditations: A New Translation, with an Introduction (Gregory Hays)","The document presents the front matter and table of contents for Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations in a modern library edition, including an introduction by translator Gregory Hays and the structured division into twelve books. It frames the author’s self-understanding and political role through discussion of the “philosopher-king” idea, referencing Plato’s dictum and exploring how Marcus was trained for public life through rhetoric and bilingual Greek and Latin education. It also includes notes and indices for readers.","Marcus Aurelius  \nMeditations  \nANew Translation, with an Introduction, by Gregory Hays  \nTHE MODERN LIBRARY  \nNEW YORK  \nContents  \nTitle Page  \nChronology  \nHalf Title Page  \nIntroduction by Gregory Hays  \nMeditations  \nBook 1: Debts and Lessons  \nBook 2: On the River Gran, Among the Quadi  \nBook 3: In Carnuntum Book 4  \nBook 5  \nBook 6  \nBook 7  \nBook 8  \nBook 9  \nBook 10  \nBook 11  \nBook 12  \nNotes  \nIndex of Persons  \nAbout the Translator  \nThe Modern Library Editorial Board  \nCopyright  \nMeditations  \nIntroduction  \nGregory Hays  \nMarcus Aurelius Antoninus  \nStates will never be happy until rulers become philosophers or philosophers become rulers.  \n—PLATO, The Republic  \nMarcus Aurelius is said to have been fond of quoting Plato’s dictum, and those who have written about him have rarely been able to resist applying it to Marcus himself. And indeed, if we seek Plato’s philosopher-king in the flesh we could hardly do better than Marcus, the ruler of the Roman Empire for almost two decades and author of the immortal Meditations. Yet the title is one that Marcus himself would surely have rejected. He never thought of himself as a philosopher. He would have claimed to be, at best, a diligent student and a very imperfect practitioner of a philosophy developed by others. As for the imperial throne, that came almost by accident. When Marcus Annius Verus was born, in A.D. 121, bystanders might have predicted a distinguished career in the Senate or the imperial administration. They could hardly have guessed that he was destined for the imperial purple, or seen in their mind’s eye the lonely bronze horseman whose upraised hand greets us from the Capitoline hill in Rome across two thousand years.  \nMarcus sprang from a distinguished enough family. The year of his birth coincided with his grandfather ’s second tenure of the consulship, in theory Rome ’s highest office, though now of largely ceremonial importance. And it was to be his grandfather who brought him up, for his father died when he was very young. Marcus makes reference in the Meditations to his father ’s character as he remembered it or heard of it from others, but his knowledge must have been more from stories than from actual memories. Of the remainder of his childhood and his early adolescence we know little more than can begleaned from the Meditations. The biography of him in the so-called Historia Augusta (a curious and unreliable work of the late fourth century probably based on a lost series of lives by the third-century biographer Marius Maximus) tells us that he was a serious child, but also that he loved boxing, wrestling, running and falconry, that he was a good ballplayer and that he loved to hunt. None of these are surprising occupations in an upper-class youth.  \nBook 1 of the Meditations offers glimpses of Marcus ’s schooling, and we can fill out the picture by what is known of upper-class education generally at this period. His first instructors, like the unnamed teacher mentioned in Meditations 1.5, were probably slaves, from whom he would have mastered the rudiments of reading and writing. At a later stage he would have been handed over to private tutors to be introduced to literature, especially, no doubt, Vergil ’s great epic, the Aeneid. But literature served only asa preparation for the real goal. This was rhetoric, the key to an active political career under the empire, as it had been under the Republic. Under the supervision of a trained rhetor, Marcus would have begun with short exercises before progressing to full-scale practice declamations in which he would have been  \nasked to defend one side or another in imaginary law cases, or to advise a prominent historical figure at a turning point in his career. ( Should Caesar cross the Rubicon? Should Alexander turn back at the Indus? Why or why not?)  \nSuch training was conducted in Greek as well as Latin. Since at least the beginning of the first century B.C. the Roman upper classes had been essent","cbCaimIzDZlssBnS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimIzDZlssBnS","pdf",661995,4,1,126,"English","en",105,"# Introduction by Gregory Hays\n## Marcus Aurelius Antoninus\n## Life, education, and philosophical framing\n# Meditations\n## Book 1: Debts and Lessons\n## Book 2: On the River Gran, Among the Quadi\n## Book 3\n## Book 4\n## Book 5\n## Book 6\n## Book 7\n## Book 8\n## Book 9\n## Book 10\n## Book 11\n## Book 12\n# Notes\n# Index of Persons\n# About the Translator\n# The Modern Library Editorial Board\n# Copyright","[{\"question\":\"What edition and translation information is provided for Meditations?\",\"answer\":\"The document identifies the work as Meditations with a new translation and an introduction by Gregory Hays, published in The Modern Library in New York.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the introduction connect Marcus Aurelius to Plato’s idea of the philosopher-king?\",\"answer\":\"The introduction discusses Plato’s dictum and explains how later writers link it to Marcus, while noting that Marcus would likely have rejected the label of philosopher in the strict sense.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the Meditations content organized in this edition?\",\"answer\":\"The table of contents divides Meditations into twelve books, followed by notes, an index of persons, and sections including information about the translator and editorial board.\"}]",1783312523,318,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"marcus-aurelius-meditations-a-new-translation-with-an-introduction-gregory-hays","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/marcus-aurelius-meditations-a-new-translation-with-an-introduction-gregory-hays/40546/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-19","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What edition and translation information is provided for Meditations?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The document identifies the work as Meditations with a new translation and an introduction by Gregory Hays, published in The Modern Library in New York.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the introduction connect Marcus Aurelius to Plato’s idea of the philosopher-king?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The introduction discusses Plato’s dictum and explains how later writers link it to Marcus, while noting that Marcus would likely have rejected the label of philosopher in the strict sense.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How is the Meditations content organized in this edition?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The table of contents divides Meditations into twelve books, followed by notes, an index of persons, and sections including information about the translator and editorial 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