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It traces Persian influence through medieval conquests and dynastic changes, the administrative prestige of Persian under Muslim rule, and social mechanisms such as courts, songs, conversion to Islam, and inter-marriage. It also discusses early Persian signs in Marathi inscriptions, later resistance to Arabic-Persian purges, and examples of Persian-derived words, idioms, and interjections preserved in Marathi.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/marathi-language-persian-elements-in/490677/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/marathi-language-persian-elements-in/490677.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What historical events helped Persian influence Marathi in Maharashtra?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Persian influence grew with the conquest of ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad Shah Ḵaliji, later population deportations by Moḥammad b. Toḡlaq Shah I, and the Bahmanid dynasty and its successor kingdoms. The tolerant Muslim rulers and their efforts to engage upper-class Hindus also deepened the impact.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why did attempts to remove Persian/Arabic words from Marathi face resistance?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A later effort to prepare a dictionary of official terms rooted only in Marathi or Sanskrit proved abortive because Persian and Perso-Arabic phraseology remained compelling. In the 1930s, renewed purging efforts were again met with resistance by intellectuals.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What kinds of Persian elements does Marathi preserve, according to the article?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Marathi retains Persian words, Arabic-Persian idioms, and Persian interjections, often with slight modifications. 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Marathi (Marāti, earlier form: Marhāti), the southernmost Indo-Aryan language, is spoken by more than 40 million speakers, including inhabitants of Bombay and the state of Maharashtra (Mahāraštrā) in west-central India. The name of both the region and the language is derived from Maharathas or Maharatta, a tribe of immigrant Aryans (Velankar, 1984, 28) . Having an unbroken literary tradition of over eight centuries, some 80 percent of Marathi vocabulary is drawn from Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, and the local languages of ancient India (Beloch; Kusumawati, 1970, 17) . The Persian influence in Marathi is fully treated by Abdul Haq (1936, 554-76) .  \nPersian language and culture entered Maharashtra with the conquest of ʿAlāʾ -al-Din Moḥammad Shah Ḵaliji (r. 1296-1316) and increasingly influenced the Marathi language and culture. Later, Moḥammad b. Toḡlaq Shah I (r. 1325-51) deported a large portion of the population of Delhi to his new capital Deogir (Dēvgiri, renamed Dawlatābād), which strengthened this process. The establishment of the independent Bahmanid dynasty in the Deccan by Ḥasan ʿAlāʾ-al-Din (r. 1347-58) and even its subsequent dissolution into separate kingdoms at Ahmadoagar (Aḥmadnagar), Bidar, Golconda, Golbarga, and Bijāpur further accelerated the Persian influence. The tolerant attitude of the Muslim rulers and their efforts to win over the upper class Hindus extended and deepened their impact on life and language (Velankar, 1984, 18) . The  \n1  \n  MARATHI LANGUAGE, PERSIAN ELEMENTS IN |Sharif Husain Qasemi   \nperiod of Persian influence, as a whole, was quite enduring, coinciding with the time of Muslim domination in the Deccan as well as the period that followed the political ascendancy of the Marathas in the wake of the disruption of the Mughal empire centered around Delhi. Though this influence varied in intensity and extent from time to time, it has left its permanent imprint on the Marathi language and has impinged itself at several important points in its structure (Haq, 1936, 533) .  \nThe first exact sign of Persian influence on Marathi is seen in a Marathi inscription from the Bhimeshwar temple located south of Bombay, incorporating Persian (including Arabic loanwords therein) words such assāzgār “harmonious,” jamʿiyat “crowd, forces,” and hejrat “exile, departure”; Haq, 1936, 577) . This impression was too deep to be reverted by Ṡivaji (r. 1674-80), a Maratha ruler who, just a few years before assuming kingship in 1674, issued orders to prepare a dictionary of official terms having their roots in Marathi or Sanskrit only. The attempt proved abortive, for the force and temptation of the Persian and Perso-Arabic phraseology could not be resisted (Haq, 1936, 555-56) . On the contrary, the Maratha rulers, including Ṡevaji himself, freely used Persian terms in their official correspondence in Marathi and even conferred titles purely in Persian on their high-ranking officials, such as ḥokumat-panāh, sar-ḵeyl, and Ṡamṡir (šamšir) bahādor (Haq, 1936, 556) . In the 1930s, the movement to purge Marathi of Arabic and Persian words was revived, but again met with resistance by intellectuals.  \nAs Haq has noted, the strengthening of the influence of Persian on Marathi was due to a number of factors. Since Persian was the official language in the days of Muslim rule, the Marathas aspiring to government offices learned and freely used its terminology. Even non-official notables dealing with courts and offices used Persian legal and bureaucratic terms. Persian also found powerful agents of acceleration in the songs and phrases which the faqirs, a class of Muslim itinerant missionaries, brought with them as they moved around in the wake of the Islamic conquests. Conversion to Islam and inter-marriages also spread Pers","cbCaimKI1lXhXaYK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimKI1lXhXaYK","pdf",86094,"English","# Marathi and Persian influence\n## Historical pathways of Persian impact\n## Evidence in inscriptions and official usage\n## Revival attempts to purge loanwords\n## Mechanisms of linguistic transmission\n## Examples of Persian-derived vocabulary and idioms","[{\"question\":\"What historical events helped Persian influence Marathi in Maharashtra?\",\"answer\":\"Persian influence grew with the conquest of ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad Shah Ḵaliji, later population deportations by Moḥammad b. Toḡlaq Shah I, and the Bahmanid dynasty and its successor kingdoms. The tolerant Muslim rulers and their efforts to engage upper-class Hindus also deepened the impact.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did attempts to remove Persian/Arabic words from Marathi face resistance?\",\"answer\":\"A later effort to prepare a dictionary of official terms rooted only in Marathi or Sanskrit proved abortive because Persian and Perso-Arabic phraseology remained compelling. In the 1930s, renewed purging efforts were again met with resistance by intellectuals.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of Persian elements does Marathi preserve, according to the article?\",\"answer\":\"Marathi retains Persian words, Arabic-Persian idioms, and Persian interjections, often with slight modifications. The text provides examples of loanwords and expressions used in original or adjusted phonological forms.\"}]","Marathi Language - Persian Elements In | PDF"]