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This article examines major types and possible causes of structural change in China’s central government apparatus across the past 70 years. Patterns align with administrative developments and reflect organizational theory perspectives. Political cycles and central leadership actions are primary explanations, with cultural elements, economic growth, and societal transformation also shaping outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mapping-the-evolution-of-the-central-government-apparatus-in-china/618452/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mapping-the-evolution-of-the-central-government-apparatus-in-china/618452.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why does the structure of political and administrative institutions matter in achieving public goals?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"Because structural design shapes how public institutions organize actors, problems, and solutions, enabling or constraining the realization of public goals.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"What time span does the study cover when analyzing structural changes in China’s central government apparatus?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"It analyzes structural changes in China’s central government apparatus over the past 70 years.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What factors are identified as key drivers of structural evolution in China’s central government?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Political cycles and actions taken by central leadership are primary drivers, and the study also finds influences from cultural elements, economic growth, and societal transformation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},618452,1792448324,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","International Review of Administrative Sciences  \nMapping the evolution of the central government apparatus in China  \nInternational Review of Administrative Sciences  \n0(0) 1–18! The Author(s) 2018 Reprints and permissions:  \n[sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav](sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav)[ ](sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav)[DOI: 10.1177/0020852317749025](DOI: 10.1177/0020852317749025)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/0020852317749025)[journals.sagepub.com/home/ras](journals.sagepub.com/home/ras)  \nLiang Ma  \nRenmin University of China, China  \nTom Christensen University of Oslo, Norway  \nAbstract  \nThe structure of political and administrative institutions is important for achieving public goals. It is not fixed, however, but may change as a result of environmental and cultural processes or because of changes in leadership. Structural changes in the central government apparatus feature prominently in the recent strand of reform and change literature, but we know little about structural changes in contexts other than Western democracies. In this article, we analyze the main types of and possible reasons for structural changes in the central government apparatus in China over the past 70 years. We find interesting patterns of structural change in line with administrative developments. Using the multiple perspectives of organization theory, these can be primarily explained by political cycles or action taken by the central leadership, but they have also been influenced by cultural elements, economic growth, and societal transformation.  \nPoints for practitioners  \nWe document the key patterns of organizational restructuring in China’s central government from 1949 to 2016. Political cycles and economic reform and development are found to be the key drivers of structural evolution. The results show that the political will of top leaders plays a crucial role in navigating structural reforms, yet institutional reforms are still largely confined to rhetoric and symbolism without substantively transforming the landscape of government architecture. Sustained  \nCorresponding author:  \nTom Christensen, University of Oslo, Department of Political Science PO Box 1097, Blindern Oslo 0317, Norway.  \nEmail: [tom.christensen@stv.uio.no](tom.christensen@stv.uio.no)  \nstructural reforms are difficult to achieve successfully, which suggests that alternative avenues may be required to streamline administrative processes and improve interagency coordination.  \nKeywords  \ncentral government, China, evolution, organizational structure, public sector reform  \nIntroduction  \nPolitical science is a 2000-year-old tradition of studying a special type of formal organization, namely, the public institutions in the political-administrative system (Wolin, 2009) . In his study of the federal government in the US, Gulick (1937) arrived at the basic insight that public goals could be realized through a systematic structural design of the public apparatus. Schattschneider (1960) pointed out that ‘organization is mobilization of bias’, meaning that certain formal organizational structures systematically organize in certain actors, problems, and solutions (Schattschneider, 1960), while others are organized out (Weaver and Rockman, 1993) .  \nThis structurally oriented strand of studies is also reflected in the extensive reform literature, which primarily focuses on the New Public Management (NPM) and postNPM reforms of the past three decades (Christensen and Lægreid, 2001) . The focus of analyses in these studies is both how various reform waves are based on ideas about the formal structure of public organizations – NPM focuses on devolution and fragmentation while post-NPM espouses centralization and coordination – but also how executive leaders and other stakeholders struggle to preserve or change certain government structures (Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2011) .  \nInternationally, the most researched type of public organization, whether the focus is on development,","cbCaivho7gANHui9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivho7gANHui9","pdf",254277,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Points for practitioners\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why does the structure of political and administrative institutions matter in achieving public goals?\",\"answer\":\"Because structural design shapes how public institutions organize actors, problems, and solutions, enabling or constraining the realization of public goals.\"},{\"question\":\"What time span does the study cover when analyzing structural changes in China’s central government apparatus?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes structural changes in China’s central government apparatus over the past 70 years.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors are identified as key drivers of structural evolution in China’s central government?\",\"answer\":\"Political cycles and actions taken by central leadership are primary drivers, and the study also finds influences from cultural elements, economic growth, and societal transformation.\"}]","Mapping the evolution of the central government apparatus in China | PDF",45]