[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-450290-105":59,"doc-detail-450290-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","mapping-heartwater-risk-in-guadeloupe-using-a-combination-of-spatial-modelling-approaches","Mapping heartwater risk in Guadeloupe using a combination of spatial modelling approaches","","Heartwater is a tick-borne disease threatening livestock health and productivity in Guadeloupe, where Amblyomma variegatum is the only confirmed vector despite evidence that Rhipicephalus microplus may also contribute to Ehrlichia ruminantium transmission. The study builds a spatial modelling framework by combining field tick presence data with environmental variables from satellite and geospatial sources. Ecological Niche Factor Analysis identifies key predictors, which feed MaxEnt suitability models for both tick species. Suitability layers are integrated with cattle density via Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to generate a composite, spatially explicit heartwater risk index for the archipelago, supporting targeted surveillance and control.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mapping-heartwater-risk-in-guadeloupe-using-a-combination-of-spatial-modelling-approaches/450290/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mapping-heartwater-risk-in-guadeloupe-using-a-combination-of-spatial-modelling-approaches/450290.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the study address in Guadeloupe?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It addresses the lack of a comprehensive spatial modelling assessment of heartwater risk in Guadeloupe, despite known tick infestations and circulation of Ehrlichia ruminantium.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which data sources are combined to model heartwater risk?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The framework combines field-collected tick presence during livestock inspections, environmental predictors derived from remote sensing and other geospatial sources, serological data, and disaggregated cattle density data.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are the models constructed and converted into a risk map?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Key environmental predictors are identified using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis, then used in MaxEnt to produce tick suitability maps. These maps are integrated with cattle density using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis with expert-derived weighting to produce a composite risk index.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},450290,1790806117,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nMapping heartwater risk in Guadeloupe using a combination of spatial modelling approaches  \nVictor Dufleit1,2,3, Eric Etter1,2,4 & Laure Guerrini2􀀍  \nHeartwater is a tick-borne disease affecting livestock in Africa and the Caribbean, including Guadeloupe, where it threatens animal health and productivity. While Amblyomma variegatum has long been recognized as the primary vector, recent studies suggest Rhipicephalus microplus may also transmit Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent. This study presents a spatial modelling framework to assess heartwater risk across Guadeloupe. Tick presence data collected during livestock inspections were combined with environmental variables derived from satellite imagery and other geospatial sources. Ecological Niche Factor Analysis identified key environmental predictors, which were then used to build MaxEnt models and generate suitability maps for both tick species. These maps revealed distinct ecological preferences and were integrated with cattle density data using a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis approach, with expert-derived weighting, to produce a composite risk index. The resulting maps provide the first spatially explicit assessment of heartwater risk in Guadeloupe. This approach offers a reproducible method for mapping tick-borne disease risk in datalimited tropical regions and can guide targeted surveillance and control strategies.  \nHeartwater is an acute, often fatal tick-borne disease of ruminants caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium1, with significant economic impacts in affected regions2–4. In sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, ticks of the genus Amblyomma are recognized as the primary vectors ofthe disease5. In Guadeloupe, the pathogen was first detected in 19806, likely introduced via cattle imported from West Africa infested with A. variegatum7. To date, A. variegatum remains the only confirmed vector in the region. However, recent studies from West Africa8,9 suggest that Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, another widespread cattle tick also present in Guadeloupe, may play a role in E. ruminantium transmission. Already established as a vector of anaplasmosis and babesiosis in Guadeloupe10, the presence of both tick species represents a substantial challenge for livestock health, especially in a context of declining production11, 12.  \nEcological niche modelling has proven useful in identifying the potential distribution of vector species using environmental predictors13, 14. Among the available methods, maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) is widely used for its ability to work with presence-only data, an advantage for species such as A. variegatum, which are difficult to detect or sample consistently from the environment using standardized tick collection traps15, 16. MaxEnt has been successfully applied to model the potential distribution of A. variegatum in the Americas17, and R. microplus on both global and regional scales18–20.  \nIn parallel, spatial risk assessment methods such as Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) have been used to map vector-borne disease risk by integrating environmental and epidemiological data layers21. While various methods are available for diseases risk mapping22, MCDA enables the integration and weighting of diverse predictor layers, such as host density, climate, and vegetation, based on expert knowledge or literaturederived evidence23. This method has shown particular relevance for diseases whose transmission is influenced by multiple interacting environmental factors24–26.  \nDespite existing data on tick infestations and E. ruminantium circulation27–30, no comprehensive spatial modelling study has yet been conducted in Guadeloupe. This study aims to fill that gap by introducing an integrative framework for spatial heartwater risk mapping. We combine field-collected presence data for A. variegatum and R. microplus, serological data, environmental predict","cbCaikr5RZggBd9z","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikr5RZggBd9z","pdf",3131758,17,"English","# Material and method\n## Study area","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address in Guadeloupe?\",\"answer\":\"It addresses the lack of a comprehensive spatial modelling assessment of heartwater risk in Guadeloupe, despite known tick infestations and circulation of Ehrlichia ruminantium.\"},{\"question\":\"Which data sources are combined to model heartwater risk?\",\"answer\":\"The framework combines field-collected tick presence during livestock inspections, environmental predictors derived from remote sensing and other geospatial sources, serological data, and disaggregated cattle density data.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the models constructed and converted into a risk map?\",\"answer\":\"Key environmental predictors are identified using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis, then used in MaxEnt to produce tick suitability maps. These maps are integrated with cattle density using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis with expert-derived weighting to produce a composite risk index.\"}]","Mapping heartwater risk in Guadeloupe using a combination of spatial modelling approaches | PDF",1790732777,43]