[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-438701-105":59,"doc-detail-438701-en":121},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":114,"head_meta":116,"extra_data":118,"updated_unix":120},105,"en","mapping-dental-biofilms-from-plaque-index-through-planimetry-to-volumetric-analysis-research","Mapping dental biofilms - from plaque index through planimetry to volumetric analysis - Research","","Conventional plaque assessment relies on clinical indices and planimetry using plaque-disclosing agents, but plaque thickness variation can bias results toward overemphasizing thin biofilm areas. This study presents a digital 3D method that quantifies and visualizes dental plaque volume from consecutive intraoral scans (IOS), comparing its performance with TMQHPlI and planimetry. Plaque accumulation was evaluated across controlled debridement and four-day abstinence.",{"@graph":69,"@context":113},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mapping-dental-biofilms-from-plaque-index-through-planimetry-to-volumetric-analysis-research/438701/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mapping-dental-biofilms-from-plaque-index-through-planimetry-to-volumetric-analysis-research/438701.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"How was plaque accumulation assessed during the study?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"After professional supragingival debridement at baseline (T0), participants refrained from oral hygiene for four days (T4). Plaque was assessed at T4 using TMQHPlI with a two-tone plaque-disclosing agent and quantified on IOSs using volumetric and planimetric indices.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":115,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":117,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":119,"site_id":62},438701,1790686075,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":122},{"doc_id":119,"user_id":123,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":124,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":125,"file_id":126,"file_url":127,"file_type":128,"file_size":129,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":130,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":131,"faqs":132,"seo_title":133,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":120,"read_time":134},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","Clinical Oral Investigations (2026) 30:38  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-025-06729-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-025-06729-z)  \nRESEARCH  \nMapping dental biofilms: from plaque index through planimetry to volumetric analysis  \nKatja Povšič1,2 · Luka Fijavž2 · Haris Munjaković1,2 · Adrian Kašaj3 · Rok Gašperšič1,2  \nReceived: 5 November 2025 / Accepted: 21 December 2025 / Published online: 5 January 2026 © The Author(s) 2026  \nAbstract  \nObjectives Conventional plaque assessment methods, such as clinical indices and planimetry, rely on plaque-disclosing agents and may overemphasize thin biofilm areas due to plaque thickness variations. This study introduces a digital 3D method to quantify and visualize dental plaque volume from consecutive intraoral scans (IOS) and compares it with the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPlI) and planimetry.  \nMethods After professional supragingival debridement at baseline (T0), fifteen participants refrained from oral hygiene for four days (T4). De novo plaque formation was assessed at T4 using TMQHPlI after application of a two-tone (pink/purple) plaque-disclosing agent. IOSs (3Shape TRIOS 4) were obtained at T0 and T4 . Plaque accumulation was quantified using color-coded IOS comparisons with the Volumetric Plaque Index (VPI) and Adjusted VPI (AVPI). Machine learning (Trainable Weka Segmentation) was used to calculate the Planimetric Plaque Index (PPI) .  \nResults A correlation between plaque surface area and volume was observed only for purple/mature plaque (p = 0.043) . Early plaque growth was dominated by expansion of pink-stained, newly formed plaque. Once more than one-third of the surface was covered, further increases resulted mainly from vertical thickening rather than lateral spread.  \nConclusions 3D volumetric analysis offers a comprehensive, objective, and clinician-friendly method for assessing dental biofilms.  \nClinical relevance The proposed 3D approach enables accurate monitoring of plaque accumulation and maturation, improving personalized oral hygiene assessment, patient education, and clinical decision-making.  \nKeywords Dental plaque · Dental deposits · Dental plaque index · 3 d imaging · Diagnostic imaging · Computer assisted image analysis  \nIntroduction  \nDental biofilms are complex microbial communities on tooth-surfaces [1] . Their accumulation leads to dental caries and periodontitis [2] . Accurate assessment and monitoring  \nKatja Povšič and Luka Fijavž contributed equally.  \n􀀍 Katja Povšič katja.povsic@kclj.si  \n1 Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology – Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia  \n2 Department of Oral medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia  \n3 Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany  \nof dental biofilms is essential for preventing biofilm-associated diseases. Their systematic detection and quantification is critical for optimizing therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at managing biofilm-related oral pathologies [3] .  \nDental biofilm deposits are commonly assessed with traditional plaque indices (TPIs) using plaque-disclosing agents [4] . Despite being the gold standard for dental biofilm evaluation, their diagnostic accuracy is compromised by intra- and inter-examiner variability, subjectivity, and diminished precision at low/high plaque levels [5] . Because of their categorical nature and inconsistent inter-score intervals, TPIs also fail to detect potentially relevant changes in dental biofilm quantity [6] .  \nTo overcome this, image-based, computer-assisted approaches to intraoral scans (IOSs) and/or conventional photographs have been used to planimetrically evaluate dental biofilms [5] . Planimetry typically relies on  \nplaque-disclosing agents to visualize plaque, enabling the calculation of plaque-covered tooth-surfaces, expressed","cbCaimosOeQTYX6S","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimosOeQTYX6S","pdf",2663617,"English","# Abstract\n# Objectives\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Clinical relevance\n# Keywords\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods\n## Design","[{\"question\":\"How was plaque accumulation assessed during the study?\",\"answer\":\"After professional supragingival debridement at baseline (T0), participants refrained from oral hygiene for four days (T4). Plaque was assessed at T4 using TMQHPlI with a two-tone plaque-disclosing agent and quantified on IOSs using volumetric and planimetric indices.\"}]","Mapping dental biofilms - from plaque index through planimetry to volumetric analysis - Research | PDF",25]