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It presents general considerations such as X-rays, electrons, radionuclide radiation, radiation interactions with matter, basic dosimetry, biological effects, and risk evaluation. 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ILO,IAEA,and WHO  \n109  \n少  \n# MANUAL ON RADIATION PROTECTIONIN HOSPITALS AND GENERAL PRACTICE\n\nMANUAL  \n# ON RADIATION PROTECTIONIN HOSPITALSAND GENERAL PRACTICE\n\nVolume 1Basic Protection Requirements  \nC.B.BRAESTRUP  \nConsultant Physicist,Lenox Hill Hospital,New York,USA  \nK.J.VIKTERLÖF  \nRadiation Physics Department,The RegionalHospital,Orebro,Sweden  \nJointly sponsoredby ILO,IAEA,and WHO  \nWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATIONGENEVA  \nA  \n69  \n)294  \n1  \n974  \nISBN 9241540389  \nWorld Health Organization 1974  \nPublications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accor-dance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention.For rightsof reproduction or translation of WHO publications,in part or in toto,application shouldbe made to the Office of Publications and Translation,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland.The World Health Organization welcomes such applications.  \nThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication donot imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Director-Generalof the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country or territoryor of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.  \nAuthors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication.  \nThe mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers'products does notimply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization inpreference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.Errors and omissionsexcepted,the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.  \nCONTENTS  \nPreface …………………………………  \nIntroduction ……………………  \n1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .  \nX-rays ………………………………………  \nElectrons …………………………………  \nRadiation from radionuclides  \nInteraction of radiation with matter  \nBasic dosimetry …………  \nBiological effects of ionizing radiation  \nRisk evaluation …………………………  \n2. PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES OF RADIATION PROTECTION  \nMaximum permissible levels ……………………  \nProtection of patients  \nMedical research and clinical trials of new methods  \n3.RADIATION EQUIPMENT AND OPERATING PROCEDURES.  \nDiagnostic X-ray installations ……………  \nX-ray beam therapy ………………………………………  \nGamma-ray installations for teletherapy  \nBrachytherapy……………………………  \nUnsealed sources for therapeutic use .  \n一Diagnostic use of unsealed sources (nuclear medicine)  \n4. PLANNING OF RADIATION FACILITIES .  \nLevels of medical care …………  \nCentralization and decentralization of radiation facilities  \nDiagnostic X-ray facilities. .  \nTherapy facilities  \nNuclear medicine and therapy with unsealed  \n5. SHIELDING DESIGN ..  \nDiagnostic radiology .  \nRadiotherapy ………………  \n一Nuclear medicine and therapeutic use of radionuclide  \n6. THE ORGANIZATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION  \nAssignment of responsibilities and general duties  \nLegal responsibilities ..  \nSafety checks ……………………  \nRefresher courses and symposia  \n9  \n11  \n13  \n13  \n13  \n14  \n15  \n16  \n19  \n26  \n30  \n31  \n32  \n34  \n35  \n35  \n40  \n40  \n41  \n42  \n43  \n45  \n45  \n47  \n48  \n48  \n50  \n52  \n53  \n55  \n55  \n57  \n57  \n. . 60  \n60  \n61  \n7. RADIATION SURVEYS ………………  \nX-ray and gamma-ray beam surveys .  \nSealed radioactive sources………………………………  \nNuclear medicine surveys ……………  \n8. PERSONNEL MONITORING AND HEALTH SUPERVISION  \nPersonnel monitoring…………………………  \nPersonnel monitoring systems ..  \nHealth surveillance …………………………  \nANNEX 1.List of commonly used radionuclides  \nANNEX 2. Design of protective shielding .  \nINDEX .·· ………………………………  \n62  \n62  \n65  \n65  \n67  \n67  \n68  \n70  \n73  \n74  \n79  \nREVIEWERS  \nDr G.M.Ardran,Nuffield Institute for Medical Research,Oxford,EnglandDr E.H.Belcher,Head,Medical Applications Section,Division of LifeSciences,International Atomic Energy Agency,Vienna,AustriaProfessor D.Frost,D","cbCaivzZQPwPNYWm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivzZQPwPNYWm","pdf",3333103,88,"English","# Preface\n# Introduction\n# General Considerations\n## X-rays\n## Electrons\n## Radiation from radionuclides\n## Interaction of radiation with matter\n## Basic dosimetry\n## Biological effects of ionizing radiation\n## Risk evaluation\n# Principal Objectives of Radiation Protection\n## Maximum permissible levels\n## Protection of patients\n## Medical research and clinical trials of new methods\n# Radiation Equipment and Operating Procedures\n## Diagnostic X-ray installations\n## X-ray beam therapy\n## Gamma-ray installations for teletherapy\n## Brachytherapy\n## Unsealed sources for therapeutic use\n# Planning of Radiation Facilities\n## Levels of medical care\n## Centralization and decentralization of radiation facilities\n## Diagnostic X-ray facilities\n## Therapy facilities\n## Nuclear medicine and therapy with unsealed","[{\"question\":\"What topics are covered under the general considerations in Volume 1?\",\"answer\":\"The manual addresses X-rays, electrons, radiation from radionuclides, interactions of radiation with matter, basic dosimetry, biological effects, and risk evaluation.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the principal objectives of radiation protection described in the manual?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on maximum permissible levels, protection of patients, and guidance for medical research and clinical trials of new methods.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Volume 1 guide radiation protection implementation in practice?\",\"answer\":\"It provides coverage of radiation equipment and operating procedures, planning of radiation facilities, shielding design, organization of radiation protection, radiation surveys, and personnel monitoring and health supervision.\"}]","MANUAL ON RADIATION PROTECTION IN HOSPITALS AND GENERAL PRACTICE - Volume 1 - Basic Protection Requirements | PDF",1791865483,222]