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Five novice translators with verified L1 competence participated. Qualitative exploratory case study collected data through IPDRs, Translog-II keyboard logging, Camtasia Studio 9 screen recording, and retrospective questionnaires. Findings show greater time investment during drafting and difficulties in managing time overall.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mangkobar-text-time-allocation-of-translation-tasks-across-translation-phases/202395/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mangkobar-text-time-allocation-of-translation-tasks-across-translation-phases/202395.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-18","2026-09-04",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study examine about novice translators?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study examines how novice translators distribute time on translation tasks across different phases of the translation process.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which translation directions and text type are involved?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research covers translating mangkobar cultural text from Angkola Language (AL) to Bahasa Indonesia (BI) and from Bahasa Indonesia (BI) to English (EL).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What key findings are reported about time allocation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Novice translators spend more time on the drafting phase in both translation directions, but they show low capability in managing time throughout the process.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},202395,1788546330,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962075006959,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297","Bayani: Jurnal Studi Islam  \nJournal Homepage: [https://ejournal.umbandung.ac.id/index.php/bayani](https://ejournal.umbandung.ac.id/index.php/bayani)  \nTranslation of Mangkobar text by Novice Translatorsand Distribution of Time on Translation Tasks  \nLili Suryani Batubara*  \nPsikologi/Fakultas Sosial Humaniora/Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung  \n*email: [suryanililibatubara@gmail.com](suryanililibatubara@gmail.com)  \nKeywords:  \nTranslation Process; Time Distribution; Translation Tasks; Cultural Translation; Mangkobar text  \nABSTRACT  \nThis study aimed at finding out how novice translators distribute the time on translation tasks over the phases of translation process while translating mangkobar text from Angkola Language (AL) to Bahasa Indonesia (BI) and from Bahasa Indonesia (BI) to English (EL). The mangkobar text (cultural text) composed of around 221-word long. Five novice translators were involved in this research to translate the mangkobar text with experience and several criteria on translation. Their proficiency level of mother tongue AL (L1) was „very good‟, confirmed by ‟penasehat adat‟ in Padang Sidimpuan, score of a paper based TOEFL was more than 503, score of UKBI was more than 578. This study used a qualitative research employing an exploratory case study as a method. The data were collected using integrated problem and decision reports (IPDRs), keyboard logging program (Translog- II), screen recording tool (Camtasia studio 9), and retrospective questionnaire. Two findings were revealed in this study: 1) the novice translators distribute more time on processing in drafting phase whether in translating from AL to BI or BI to EL, 2) they have low capability in managing the time on translation process. It was found that the novice translators took less time when translating from ALto BI since both of languages are their mother tongue and first language so that they understood the source text easily. Meanwhile, it took longer time when translating from BI to EL since they have both linguistic and cultural differences between the SL and the TL.  \nABSTRAK  \nKata Kunci:  \nProses Penerjemahan; Alokasi Waktu; Tugas Penerjemahan;  \nPenerjemahan Budaya; Teks  \npenerjemah pemula membagi waktu dalam mengerjakan tugas  \n Mangkobar pemula dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini untuk menerjemahkan   \nPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanamenerjemahkan teks *mangkobar* dari Bahasa Angkola (AL)  \ndigunakan terdiri dari sekitar 221 kata. Lima penerjemah  \nke Bahasa Indonesia (BI) dan dari Bahasa Indonesia (BI) ke  \n penerjemahan pada setiap tahap proses penerjemahan saat  \n Bahasa Inggris (EL). Teks “mangkobar “(teks budaya) yang  \nteks “mangkobar“, dengan pengalaman serta kriteria tertentudalam penerjemahan. Tingkat kemahiran mereka dalam bahasa ibu AL (L1) dikategorikan “sangat baik”, yang dikonfirmasi oleh “penasehat adat“ di Padang Sidimpuan. Skor TOEFL berbasis kertas mereka lebih dari 503, dan skor UKBI mereka lebih dari 578. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus eksploratif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan laporan masalah dan pengambilan keputusan terintegrasi (“ Integrated Problem and Decision Reports “ / IPDRs), program perekam aktivitas keyboard (Translog-II), alat perekam layar (Camtasia Studio 9), dan kuesioner retrospektif. Dua temuan utama terungkap dalampenelitian ini: 1) Penerjemah pemula menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu pada tahap penyusunan draf, baik saat menerjemahkan dari AL ke BI maupun dari BI ke EL.  \n2) Mereka memiliki kemampuan yang rendah dalam mengelolawaktu selama proses penerjemahan. Ditemukan bahwa penerjemah pemula membutuhkan waktu lebih singkat saat menerjemahkan dari AL ke BI karena kedua bahasa tersebut merupakan bahasa ibu dan bahasa pertama mereka, sehinggamereka lebih mudah memahami teks sumber. Sebaliknya, waktu yang dibutuhkan lebih lama saat menerjemahkan dari BIke EL karena terdapat perbedaan linguistik dan budaya antara bahasa sumber (SL) dan bahasa","cbCaipOu2s5HUgQL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipOu2s5HUgQL","pdf",321725,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Mental processes and observable translation activities\n## Time distribution in translation tasks\n## Traditional assumptions and related studies","[{\"question\":\"What does the study examine about novice translators?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines how novice translators distribute time on translation tasks across different phases of the translation process.\"},{\"question\":\"Which translation directions and text type are involved?\",\"answer\":\"The research covers translating mangkobar cultural text from Angkola Language (AL) to Bahasa Indonesia (BI) and from Bahasa Indonesia (BI) to English (EL).\"},{\"question\":\"What key findings are reported about time allocation?\",\"answer\":\"Novice translators spend more time on the drafting phase in both translation directions, but they show low capability in managing time throughout the process.\"}]","Teks Mangkobar - Alokasi Waktu Tugas Penerjemahan pada Tahap Proses Penerjemahan | PDF",35]