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Managing Colorectal Cancer from Ethology to Interdisciplinary Treatment: The Gains and Challenges of Modern Medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2032. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms25042032](10.3390/ijms25042032)  \nAcademic Editor: Mariusz Chabowski  \nReceived: 2 January 2024  \nRevised: 20 January 2024  \nAccepted: 5 February 2024  \nPublished: 7 February 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; [monikapilecka88@gmail.com](monikapilecka88@gmail.com) (M.B.); [anna.maria.gliwa@gmail.com](anna.maria.gliwa@gmail.com) (A.M.G.)  \n2 General Surgery Ward, Independent Health Center in Kra´snik, 23-200 Kra´snik, Poland; [mberbecki@gmail.com](mberbecki@gmail.com)  \n[3](3 I Department of Surgical Oncology)[ I Department of Surgical Oncology](3 I Department of Surgical Oncology), [Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region](Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region), [St](St). Jana z Dukli, 20-090 Lublin, Poland  \n* Correspondence: [robert.sitarz@umlub.pl](robert.sitarz@umlub.pl); Tel.: +48-6-6101-2882; Fax: +48-8-1740-6149  \nAbstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, which has become a serious threat to human health worldwide. This article exhaustively reviews colorectal cancer’s incidence and relevance, carcinogenesis molecular pathways, up-to-date treatment opportunities, prophylaxis, and screening program achievements, with attention paid to its regional variations and changes over time. This paper provides a concise overview of known CRC risk factors, including familial, hereditary, and environmental lifestyle-related risk factors. The authors take a closer look into CRC’s molecular genetic pathways and the role of specific enzymes involved in carcinogenesis. Moreover, the role of the general practitioner and multidisciplinary approach in CRC treatment is summarized and highlighted based on recent recommendations and experience. This article gives a clear understanding and review of the gains and challenges of modern medicine towards CRC. The authors believe that understanding the current patterns of CRC and its revolution is imperative to the prospects of reducing its burden through cancer prevention and cancer-adjusted treatment.  \nKeywords: colorectal cancer; epidemiology; screening; prophylaxis; risk factors; biomarkers; prevention; cyclooxygenase; genes polymorphism  \n1. Introduction  \nThe recent World Health Organization (WHO) evaluations show a significant increase in the incidence of malignant tumors within the aging population [1,2] . Up to 2035, deaths from colorectal cancer (CRC) and rectal cancer are predicted to increase. In Latin American and Caribbean countries, the number of deaths is predicted to double by 2035 [3] . Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world and is one of the most significant health and economic issues for society [1] . CRC carcinogenesis—a transformation from adenoma to cancer—is a long-lasting process [4] . On the one hand, it simplifies successful screening in risk groups; on the other hand, early diagnostics at the time of initial, non-characteristic symptoms may lead to the detection of this disease in a fully curable stage. The morbidity and mortality associated with CRC can be reduced by implementing","cbCaih2wqWoLyVgJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih2wqWoLyVgJ","pdf",1575111,"English","# Introduction\n## Incidence and geographic variations\n# The State of Knowledge from Symptoms to Novel Molecular Biology Achievements","[{\"question\":\"What scope does the review cover for colorectal cancer management?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews incidence and relevance, molecular carcinogenesis pathways, up-to-date treatment opportunities, prophylaxis, and screening program achievements, along with regional and time-related variations.\"},{\"question\":\"Which CRC risk factor categories are highlighted?\",\"answer\":\"The article summarizes CRC risk factors including familial, hereditary, and environmental lifestyle-related factors.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review connect modern CRC care to clinical practice?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes the molecular genetic pathways and the role of specific enzymes, and it summarizes the general practitioner role and multidisciplinary treatment approach based on recent recommendations and experience.\"}]","Managing Colorectal Cancer from Ethology to Interdisciplinary Treatment - The Gains and Challenges of Modern Medicine | PDF",1789975931]