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Clinicians confirmed acute myeloid leukemia and sickle cell anemia with clinically suspicious Fanconi anemia features. Induction therapy failed, leading to family counseling and transition to home-based palliative care, followed by repeated admissions for supportive blood products and death 7 months post-discharge.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/managing-acute-myeloid-leukemia-in-the-context-of-sickle-cell-anemia-and-suspected-fanconi-anemia-in-tanzania-case-report/452333/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/managing-acute-myeloid-leukemia-in-the-context-of-sickle-cell-anemia-and-suspected-fanconi-anemia-in-tanzania-case-report/452333.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pop out","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What were the key clinical features in the patient?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The patient had congenital malformation of the left hand, short stature, multiple café-au-lait spots, recurrent fever for 8 months, headache, weight loss, and abdominal distension.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the diagnoses established?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Laboratory evaluation confirmed acute myeloid leukemia and sickle cell anemia, with features clinically suspicious for Fanconi anemia.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What was the treatment outcome?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Institutional acute myeloid leukemia treatment was initiated, but induction failed; after prognostic counseling, care transitioned to home-based palliative support.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},452333,1791173432,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090760408,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Kilipamwambu etal.  \nJournal of Medical Case Reports (2026) 20:11 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05458-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-025-05458-x)  \nJournal of Medical Case Reports  \n CASE REPORT Open Access  \nManaging acute myeloid leukemia    \nin the context of sickle cell anemia  \nand suspected Fanconi anemia in Tanzania: a case report  \nAmosi Kilipamwambu 1* , Irene Msirikale1, Bernice Mukuria1, Koga Luhulla2,3, Trish Scanlan2,4, Godlove Sandi2, Peter Swai2, Khadija Mwamtemi2, Lulu Chirande1 and Nana Nakiddu 1  \nAbstract  \nBackground The transformation of Fanconi anemia into a hematological malignancy is consistent with the natural history of the disease. Few cases have been reported on acute myeloid leukemia, and even fewer cases involving coexistence with sickle cell anemia. Acute myeloid leukemia development is postulated to follow a multihit hypothesis where preleukaemic cells progress into leukemia through a second promotional mutation. Fever is a predominant clinical presentation, with blasts usually observed on peripheral blood smear and the immunophenotype confirmed with flow cytometry. In this case report from Tanzania, we present a case of acute myeloid leukemia with a failed induction in a patient with Sickle cell anemia and suspected Fanconi anemia.  \nCase presentation A 6-year-old Haya boy from northern Tanzania presented to Muhimbili National Hospital with a congenital malformation of the left hand, short stature, and multiple café-au-lait spots distributed  \nover the trunk, face, and limbs. He had experienced recurrent fever for 8 months, accompanied by headache, weight loss, and abdominal distension. Laboratory evaluation confirmed acute myeloid leukemia and sickle cell anemia with clinically suspicious features of Fanconi anemia. The patient was initiated on institutional treatment for acute myeloid leukemia. He had a failed induction and subsequently transitioned to home-based palliative care after prognostic counseling with the family. Thereafter, he had several admissions, mostly for blood product support, and eventually died 7 months post-discharge.  \nConclusion The onset of acute myeloid leukemia in this case could be attributed to a malignant transformation from an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome. Our particular focus was on the leukemia treatment response where we observed a failed induction, prompting the need for alternative treatment approaches in this category of patients with acute myeloid leukemia in order to realize better treatment outcomes.  \nKeywords Acute myeloid leukemia, Fanconi anemia, Sickle cell anemia, Tanzania  \n*Correspondence:  \nAmosi Kilipamwambu  \n[aarkilipamwambu@gmail.com](aarkilipamwambu@gmail.com)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)[.](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)  \nKilipamwambu etal. Journal of Medical Case Reports (2","cbCaicR1shEOAzxF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicR1shEOAzxF","pdf",4967841,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Multihit hypothesis and AML predisposing conditions\n## Fanconi anemia and its progression to leukemia\n# Case presentation\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What were the key clinical features in the patient?\",\"answer\":\"The patient had congenital malformation of the left hand, short stature, multiple café-au-lait spots, recurrent fever for 8 months, headache, weight loss, and abdominal distension.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the diagnoses established?\",\"answer\":\"Laboratory evaluation confirmed acute myeloid leukemia and sickle cell anemia, with features clinically suspicious for Fanconi anemia.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the treatment outcome?\",\"answer\":\"Institutional acute myeloid leukemia treatment was initiated, but induction failed; after prognostic counseling, care transitioned to home-based palliative support.\"}]","Managing acute myeloid leukemia in the context of sickle cell anemia and suspected Fanconi anemia in Tanzania - case report | PDF",1790736921,18]