[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-431267-105":59,"doc-detail-431267-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","management-of-uveitic-and-chorioretinal-conditions-in-pregnancy-review-article","Management of uveitic and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy - Review Article","","Pregnancy can trigger new, potentially sight-threatening chorioretinal diseases or worsen existing conditions, creating difficult decisions about maternal treatment versus fetal safety. Ophthalmologists often face limited evidence on medication safety, including risks of teratogenicity and fetotoxicity, and limited experience managing this group. This review evaluates therapies such as corticosteroids, steroids-related intraocular pressure lowering, systemic immunosuppressants, and intravitreal anti-VEGF, and considers delivery-related misconceptions with an obstetric perspective.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/management-of-uveitic-and-chorioretinal-conditions-in-pregnancy-review-article/431267/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/management-of-uveitic-and-chorioretinal-conditions-in-pregnancy-review-article/431267.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"วิน","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is managing chorioretinal disease during pregnancy challenging?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Evidence on systemic medication effects in pregnancy is limited, making it hard to balance benefits for preserving maternal vision against potential fetal risks.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which treatment options does the review consider for uveitic and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review discusses corticosteroids, intraocular pressure–lowering treatment for steroid-induced glaucoma, systemic immunosuppressants, and intravitreal anti-VEGF agents.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What safety concerns are highlighted regarding treatment during pregnancy?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review focuses on fears of obstetric complications, miscarriage, and teratogenicity, and emphasizes separating disease-related risk from treatment-related risk.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},431267,1791337265,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","[www.nature.com/eye](www.nature.com/eye)  \nREVIEW ARTICLE OPEN  \nManagement of uveitic and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy  \nAriel Yuhan Ong 1,2,3, Evita Evangelia Christou 1, Christine A. Kiire1, Naomi Primrose4, William R. Tucker2, Charlotte Frise4,6 ✉ and Samantha [R. de](R. de) Silva 1,5,6 ✉  \n© The Author(s) 2025  \n\n| During pregnancy, women may develop de novo sight-threatening chorioretinal diseases or experience exacerbations of these conditions. Examples include macular neovascularisation, diabetic macular oedema, and posterior uveitis. Ophthalmologists may not necessarily recommend the standard treatment for these disorders when they arise in pregnant women due to a lack of evidence regarding safety and potential risks of teratogenicity and fetotoxicity, and a lack of experience with managing this patient population. However, withholding treatment may lead to irreversible maternal vision loss. In this review, we discuss therapies that may need to be considered in these conditions, including steroids, intraocular pressure-lowering treatment for steroid-induced glaucoma, systemic immunosuppressants, and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. We discuss the evidence base behind these treatments in terms of safety in pregnancy, bringing in the obstetric perspective. We also discuss common misconceptions surrounding different modes of delivery in pregnant women with chorioretinal disease. |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Eye (2026) 40:24–33; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04058-9](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-025-04058-9) |  |\n| INTRODUCTION\u003Cbr>Sight-threatening eye diseases may occasionally occur or worsenin pregnancy. Balancing the need to provide treatment topreserve maternal vision versus any potential risk to the fetus can be difficult, particularly as there is often a lack of data on the systemic effects of medications in pregnancy. Research in pregnant women has historically been challenging because of the complex physiology of this patient population, ethical concerns about intervening in a ‘vulnerable’ population, lack of regulatory support, and fears about fetal harm and attendant medico-legal liabilities [1–3] . The evidence base for managing ophthalmic conditions in this unique population is therefore relatively limited, and existing studies (especially animal studies) may be out of date, many having been conducted several decades ago.\u003Cbr>One of the key concerns about managing these ophthalmic conditions in pregnant women is the fear of inducing obstetric complications, miscarriage, or teratogenicity. It is important to recognise that early pregnancy loss is common, even in healthy individuals—commonly cited as 10–20% of all pregnancies—and this is most often attributable to chromosomal abnormalities [4] . In addition, the overall risk of congenital malformations in the general population is estimated at 2–3% of all live births, though most malformations are relatively minor [5, 6] . Many women in whom ophthalmic therapy may need to be considered also have systemic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or autoimmune diseases, which drive their need for treatment in the first place, and which have a significant influence on pregnancy outcomes. Poorly controlled diabetes elevates the risk of early | miscarriage and congenital malformations [7], while autoimmune diseases increase the risk of maternal morbidity and can also adversely impact placental function [8] . It is therefore important to be able to disentangle the inherent risk from their disease with the risk of treatment, which is not always easy or possible to do [9] .\u003Cbr>In this review, we aim to discuss some commonly encountered situations in the management of inflammatory and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy, where treatment may be beneficial, and where multidisciplinary team collaboration between ophthalmologists and obstetricians/obstetric physicians is often helpful. This review focuses on the ophthalmic ","cbCaiinPgWKP7ohp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiinPgWKP7ohp","pdf",521005,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods","[{\"question\":\"Why is managing chorioretinal disease during pregnancy challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Evidence on systemic medication effects in pregnancy is limited, making it hard to balance benefits for preserving maternal vision against potential fetal risks.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatment options does the review consider for uveitic and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses corticosteroids, intraocular pressure–lowering treatment for steroid-induced glaucoma, systemic immunosuppressants, and intravitreal anti-VEGF agents.\"},{\"question\":\"What safety concerns are highlighted regarding treatment during pregnancy?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on fears of obstetric complications, miscarriage, and teratogenicity, and emphasizes separating disease-related risk from treatment-related risk.\"}]","Management of uveitic and chorioretinal conditions in pregnancy - Review Article | PDF",1790654985,25]