[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-379103-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-379103-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","mammary-carcinoma-toward-a-realistic-mouse-model-of-incurable-cancers","Mammary carcinoma - toward a realistic mouse model of incurable cancers","","Breast cancer can be controlled while it remains under immunosurveillance through therapies that elicit anticancer immune responses. When immunosurveillance is escaped, breast cancer becomes therapeutically uncontrollable. The article summarizes findings from a Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer study describing a new hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cell line that generates incurable tumors in C57BL/6 mice, providing a more realistic experimental model.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mammary-carcinoma-toward-a-realistic-mouse-model-of-incurable-cancers/379103/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mammary-carcinoma-toward-a-realistic-mouse-model-of-incurable-cancers/379103.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the 3E rule described in the main text?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The 3E rule states elimination, equilibrium, and escape. It explains how many cancers are cleared early, some persist in an equilibrium state, and others escape immunosurveillance to spread uncontrollably.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is escaping immunosurveillance a key problem for treatment?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Once breast cancer escapes immunosurveillance, it becomes therapeutically uncontrollable. The text links this to processes such as immunoevasion and immunosuppression that allow tumors to grow despite immune pressure.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How did the researchers modify the mouse model to study aggressive HR+ breast cancer?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"They increased the number of cells and injected them orthotopically into immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice to overcome immune barriers. This approach enabled the establishment of tumors and the generation of new cell lines (BXBC cells).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},379103,1791442527,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":30,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":110},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","ONCOIMMUNOLOGY  \n2023, VOL. 12, NO. 1, 2240613 [https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2023.2240613](https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2023.2240613)  \nEDITORIAL  \nMammary carcinoma: toward a realistic mouse model of incurable cancers  \nMaria Pérez-Lanzóna,b, Maria Chiara Maiuria,b,c, Carlos Lopez-Otind, and Guido Kroemera,b,e  \naCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Équipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; bMetabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; cDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy; dDepartamento de Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; e Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France-HP, Paris, France  \nABSTRACT  \nAs long as breast cancer (BC) stays under immunosurveillance, it can be controlled by treatments eliciting anticancer immune responses. However, once BC escapes immunosurveillance, it becomes therapeutically uncontrollable. A paper in the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer describes a new hormone receptor-positive BC cell line generating incurable tumors in C57BL/6 mice.  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 12 July 2023 Revised 20 July 2023 Accepted 20 July 2023  \nMain text  \nThe complex relationship between cancer and the immune system is governed by the 3E rule: elimination, equilibrium and escape1. Most potential cancers are eliminated before they become detectable, usually at the microscopic stage. Some cancers develop into smoldering lesions in which malignant cells and immune effectors engage in a combat that keeps the tumor at an early, localized stage. In this precarious equilibrium phase, the (re)activation of the anticancer immune response by therapeutic agents has a high chance of yielding long-term effects. However, certain cancers manage to fully escape from immunosurveillance, hence invading local tissues and disseminating to distant sites uncontrollably. The 3E rule was first documented ina mouse model of fibrosarcoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) . MCA-induced tumors developed with lower incidence and longer latency in immunocompetent mice compared to Rag2−/− immunodeficient mice (lacking Rag2 recombinase and deprived of functional lymphocytes)2. Cell lines derived from MCA-induced tumors in Rag2−/− mice could always be transplanted into immunodeficient counterparts; however, when inoculated in immunocompetent mice, they regressed and failed to establish tumors in some hosts2. In contrast, cells generated in immunocompetent mice could always be transplanted both into immunocompetent and immunodeficient recipients2. This observation illustrates the phenomenon of tumor ‘immunoediting’ (Figure 1a). To develop cancer in the context of a complete immune system, cancer must breakthrough natural immunosurveillance, for instance by losing immunogenic properties (immunoevasion) and/or by acquiring the capacity of actively subverting the immune response (immunosuppression)3.  \nWe validated the 3E concept in a well-characterized mouse model of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC),  \nwhich is the most frequent subtype affecting women, using the combination of the progesterone analog medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with the DNA damaging agent 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to generate tumors4,5. MPA/DMBA (M/D)-induced mammary carcinomas develop much more quickly in T and NK cell-immunodeficient mice (lacking also the gamma chain of interleukin-2 receptor; genotype: Rag2−/−Il2rg−/−) than in immunocompetent C57BL/6 controls4 (Figure 1a) . Moreover, M/D-derived BC cells (named MGT cells) recovered from Rag2−/ − mice always failed to proliferate when they were transplanted into immunocompetent mice at low dose (5 × 105 cells), contrasting with the fact that cells ","cbCaisQqlJsQFEFK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisQqlJsQFEFK","pdf",1049199,"English","# Editorial\n## 3E rule: elimination, equilibrium and escape\n## Tumor immunoediting and immune evasion\n## Mouse models using MPA/DMBA to study HR+ breast cancer","[{\"question\":\"What is the 3E rule described in the main text?\",\"answer\":\"The 3E rule states elimination, equilibrium, and escape. It explains how many cancers are cleared early, some persist in an equilibrium state, and others escape immunosurveillance to spread uncontrollably.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is escaping immunosurveillance a key problem for treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Once breast cancer escapes immunosurveillance, it becomes therapeutically uncontrollable. The text links this to processes such as immunoevasion and immunosuppression that allow tumors to grow despite immune pressure.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers modify the mouse model to study aggressive HR+ breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"They increased the number of cells and injected them orthotopically into immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice to overcome immune barriers. This approach enabled the establishment of tumors and the generation of new cell lines (BXBC cells).\"}]","Mammary carcinoma - toward a realistic mouse model of incurable cancers | PDF",1790234139]