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Using Indiana administrative data from 2010–2011 through 2016–2017, findings show that boys with at least one suspension in the prior year are 12% more likely to be assigned to a male teacher, while girls’ suspension histories do not predict such assignments. The results also link high-suspension student shares to teacher migration and exit from the workforce.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/male-teacher-assignment-and-teacher-turnover-in-elementary-schools/591081/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/male-teacher-assignment-and-teacher-turnover-in-elementary-schools/591081.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the study define the relationship between student suspensions and male teacher assignment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It tests whether boys with suspension records in the previous year are more likely to be assigned to male teachers in the subsequent year, using statewide administrative data.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the study find about teacher turnover outcomes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Teachers with 10% or more of students who have suspension records show higher probabilities of migrating to another school (19.5%) and leaving the state’s teacher workforce (16.2%).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Does the study observe different effects for boys versus girls?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Yes. Boys’ suspension histories predict male teacher assignment, whereas girls’ suspension histories do not predict assignment to male teachers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591081,1792166006,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1–14 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584211054106  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2021. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nMale Teacher Assignment and Teacher Turnover in Elementary Schools  \nNaYoung Hwang  \nUniversity of Missouri  \nBrian Fitzpatrick  \nUniversity of Memphis  \nParents and educators commonly assume that male teachers serve as more effective disciplinarians for boys than female teachers. Do schools tend to assign male teachers to teach boys with perceived behavioral issues? Our study uses administrative data in Indiana to investigate male teacher assignment in elementary school. We find that boys with at least one suspension record in the previous year are 12% more likely to be assigned to a male teacher than boys without suspensions, whereas girls’suspension histories do not predict assignments to male teachers. In addition, teachers who have 10% or more of students with suspension histories are 19.5% more likely to migrate to another school and 16.2% more likely to leave the state’s teacher workforce. Our study suggests that male teachers have an elevated risk of being assigned to teach male students with suspension histories, which may contribute to teacher turnover.  \nKeywords: teacher gender, student gender, elementary school, school discipline, teacher assignment  \nAround the world, men are underrepresented in the elementary school teacher workforce (McGrath & Van Bergen, 2017) .1 The United States is not an exception—only one out of 10 elementary school teachers are male (U.S. Department of Education, 2017) . The lack of male teachers has raised concerns about student learning, particularly for male students (Cushman, 2005; McGrath & Sinclair, 2013; Moreau & Brownhill, 2017; Pollitt & Oldfield, 2017) . Based on the assumption that male teachers likely function as role models for male students and connect with male students more effectively, there is a widespread perception that the lack of male teachers are more likely to have adverse effects on male students’ learning and development (Deese, 2017; Martino, 2008; Mills et al., 2004; Moreau & Brownhill, 2017) .  \nRelatedly, there is a popular idea that male teachers are more effective at disciplining boys. Parents and educators call for more male teachers in the classroom, citing their belief that male teachers can serve as disciplinarians (Carrington & McPhee, 2008; Francis et al., 2008; McGrath & Sinclair, 2013) . Preservice male teachers perceive that they are more likely to be expected to teach students with boys who are considered as troublemakers (Stroud et al., 2010) . Black male teachers in particular encounter greater pressure to discipline boys with behavioral issues (Bristol & Mentor, 2018; Brockenbrough, 2012, 2015) . Given that student discipline is associated with a reduction in teachers’job satisfaction and lower teacher retention rates (Hughes, 2012; Ingersoll, 2001; Ingersoll & Smith, 2003), the burden of  \nteaching boys with challenging behaviors may contribute to teacher turnover.  \nIn this study, we document the links between students with disciplinary records and male teacher assignments in Indiana’s elementary schools.2 Qualitative studies based on interview data demonstrate that female teachers believe that male teachers have advantages of disciplining students (Carrington & McPhee, 2008), and male teachers are expected to take a more active role in disciplining boys with behavioral issues (Bristol & Mentor, 2018; Brockenbrough, 2012, 2015) .3 However, whether boys with behavioral challenges are systematically assigned to male teachers remains an open question. We thus use statewide administrative data from elementary school students and their teachers between 2010–2011 and 2016–2017 academic years to quantitatively assess whether sch","cbCail1C2UO6iiC6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail1C2UO6iiC6","pdf",1025233,14,"English","# Research background and rationale\n# Research questions\n## Research Question 1\n## Research Question 2\n# Findings and implications\n# Limitations","[{\"question\":\"How does the study define the relationship between student suspensions and male teacher assignment?\",\"answer\":\"It tests whether boys with suspension records in the previous year are more likely to be assigned to male teachers in the subsequent year, using statewide administrative data.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study find about teacher turnover outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Teachers with 10% or more of students who have suspension records show higher probabilities of migrating to another school (19.5%) and leaving the state’s teacher workforce (16.2%).\"},{\"question\":\"Does the study observe different effects for boys versus girls?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. Boys’ suspension histories predict male teacher assignment, whereas girls’ suspension histories do not predict assignment to male teachers.\"}]","Male Teacher Assignment and Teacher Turnover in Elementary Schools | PDF",1792071081,35]