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Bauer discusses cyberspace as an evolving collection of computer communication networks and explains why new markets and payment systems are required. It analyzes how trust, security, and transaction size complicate traditional payment methods. Using examples like purchasing digital images online, it compares subscription models and card-based payments, highlights legal and regulatory considerations, and addresses risks such as packet sniffing and fraud.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/making-payments-in-cyberspace-why-new-payment-instruments-are-needed/325258/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/making-payments-in-cyberspace-why-new-payment-instruments-are-needed/325258.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why do traditional payment methods conflict with many cyber-markets?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Many cyber transactions face challenges related to trust, security, and transaction size, which traditional methods may not handle well in electronic environments.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the article illustrate problems with paying for an online image without established trust?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It describes a scenario where a photographer markets pictures directly to buyers and the buyer would have to mail cash or checks; the trust gap means payments may not be sent, or refunds may be disputed if the product differs from the advertisement.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What security risk does the article highlight for Internet-based payments?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It explains that information travels in packets through multiple nodes, allowing someone to deploy a packet sniffer to capture data resembling credit card numbers, creating a serious fraud potential at scale.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},325258,1791420697,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":105,"preview_page_count":4},4810365810221,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","by Paul W.Bauer  \nCyberspceis losly define s hecollection ofcomputer communicationnetworks that has evolved since the early1970s.Although it is most often associ-ated with the Internet,a myriad of bul-letin board providers and commercialservices are also included.  \nVendors are attracted to cyberspace forseveral reasons.First,millions of peoplethroughout the world have at least someaccess to the “\"Net,\"and their ranks areswelling.These users tend to be young,educated,and wealthier than average—characteristics that marketers find veryattractive.Second,by building a pres-ence in cyberspace,a business can offerits goods and services relatively cheap-ly,worldwide,and 24 hours a day.Finally,a cyberpresence,by distributingdetailed information to potential con-sumers,may also boost sales throughconventional channels.  \nWhat makes the emerging cybermarketparticularly exciting is that the technol-ogy will allow many new products to bedeveloped and markets to be tapped.With communications and computingcosts plunging,cyberservices will beavailable to anyone with a telephone anda personal computer.  \nUnfortunately,a number of problemswill have to be overcome as the elec-tronic marketplace evolves.Currently,not everyone has access,and many userslack the high-speed equipment requiredto take full advantage of the graphicinterfaces.A number of procedural andlegal challenges will also have to be  \n# Making Payments in Cyberspace\n\naddressed,such as who—if anyone—will control the content of the materialsold in cyberspace and how copyrightissues will be handled.But one ofthemost vexing problems is how to pay forcybergoods and services.²  \n## ■ Why New PaymentInstruments Are Needed\n\nTraditional means of making payments(cash,check,credit card,automatedclearinghouse,wire transfer)conflictwith the characteristics of many cyber-markets.In particular,many transactionsare likely to encounter problems of trust,security,or size.To illustrate,considerthe following.After browsing the Web,you decide that you'd like to download aphoto of Lance Armstrong winning astage in the 1995 Tour de France bikerace.³If you find the image in one of themany noncommercial sites on the Net,you can simply download the picture,since no payment is required.Volunteersthroughout the world have made a vastquantity of useful information availablefree of charge.But professionals—pho-tographers included—are unlikely toallow much oftheir work to be distrib-uted widely without receiving some sortof compensation.  \nA second possibility is that access to theimage will be available only to thosewho subscribe to a particular on-lineservice.On-line services bill their sub-scribers per minute of connection timeand share some of that revenue with thecontent provider (in this case,the photog-rapher).This system works well whenyou have established a prior,continuing  \nOctober 1,1995  \nAccording to one market-researchfirm,there will be more than 22mil-lion World Wide Web users by theturn of the century,and two-thirds ofthem will come from the consumerranks rather than from academia orcorporate America.As electroniccommunications expand,eybermar-kets are expected to burgeon.But oneissue that will have to be resolvedbefore the on-line marketplace cantruly compete with traditional mar-kets is how to pay for the goods andservices sold in cyberspace.  \nrelationship with an on-line serviceprovider,but does not fit the standardpattern of marketing.  \nA number of general payment problemscan arise when this prior relationship islacking.Suppose that a professional pho-tographer having only a “home page”presence on the Internet wants to marketpictures directly to individual buyers.As a customer,you could mail the pho-tographer cash (not advisable)or a check(better),but \"snail mail\"is unlikely to bea satisfactory solution.The necessarytrust probably doesn't exist between twostrangers in cyberspace.On one hand,ifthe photographer provides the pictureimmediately and has to trust a customerto send the check,how","cbCaiptRCqHkonKv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiptRCqHkonKv","pdf",1263052,"English","# Making Payments in Cyberspace\n## Why New PaymentInstruments Are Needed","[{\"question\":\"Why do traditional payment methods conflict with many cyber-markets?\",\"answer\":\"Many cyber transactions face challenges related to trust, security, and transaction size, which traditional methods may not handle well in electronic environments.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article illustrate problems with paying for an online image without established trust?\",\"answer\":\"It describes a scenario where a photographer markets pictures directly to buyers and the buyer would have to mail cash or checks; the trust gap means payments may not be sent, or refunds may be disputed if the product differs from the advertisement.\"},{\"question\":\"What security risk does the article highlight for Internet-based payments?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that information travels in packets through multiple nodes, allowing someone to deploy a packet sniffer to capture data resembling credit card numbers, creating a serious fraud potential at scale.\"}]","Making Payments in Cyberspace - Why New Payment Instruments Are Needed | PDF",1789970058]