[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-116714-en":3,"doc-seo-116714-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},116714,13056703019662,"Evangeline","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188",7,"Healthcare","Making Contact - uses of language in psychotherapy","Making Contact examines how psychotherapy engages language to address hidden, persistent, and identity-shaping difficulties rooted in absence, isolation, domination, and submission. The work frames therapeutic goals as finding the other, developing presence, and managing internal and external social forces—sometimes to create, and often to resolve conflict. It connects clinical perspectives to an evolutionary view of human existence and argues for integrating psychiatric schools to oppose inner and interpersonal tyranny.","# Uses of Languagein Psychotherapy\n\n\"A revealing glimpse into how therapy is doneby a master practitioner...A pleasure to read.\"-Psychiatric Times  \n# Making Contactuses of language in psychotherapy\n\nMaking Contact  \n# uses of language in psychotherapy\n\nLeston Havens  \nHarvard University PressCambridge,Massachusetts,and London,England  \nCopyright ◎1986 by Leston HavensAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of America  \nThis book has been digitally reprinted.The contentremains identical to that of previous printings.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nHavens,Leston L.Making contact.  \nBibliography:p  \nIncludes index.  \n1.Psychotherapist and patient.2.Psychotherapy一Language.3.Psychotherapy.I.Title.RC480.8.H381986   616.89'1485-24912  \nISBN 0-674-54316-5(paper)  \nPreface   \nToday we have an abundance of therapeutic devices to alleviatepsychopathological symptoms.But more and more people areseeking help for less dramatic(and more stubborn)difficulties,those of character and situation.Many patients are hidden fromus,not showing who they are or what they want for themselves.The frankest arrive saying,“My life has no meaning\"or “My lifeisn't going anywhere”or “I only go through the motions.”Thenthere are those with no life to express:not only are they pur-poseless,but there seems no one present who is able to have agoal or vision.Still others gain what presence they have from theinvasion,manipulation,or imitation of outsiders.A few of theseare outright imposters,consciously taking up the roles of others.More often such patients find they have assumed an existencemerely because it is available or fashionable,not because it is theirown.These difficulties can be situational as well.For example,the person is controlled by a spouse or an employer;she or heonly follows\"orders.\"The orders may come from outside or,inaddition,from dominating figures long since internalized.Anobserver wonders whether the new tyrants are selected,created,or imagined.And sometimes the individual does not know he isa slave.  \nI will discuss these infirmities under the categories of absenceand isolation,of domination and submission.The goals soughtin therapy are to \"find the other,\"to confirm and develop apresence,to manage social forces impinging from inside and out-side,sometimes to create and often to resolve conflict.Implicitis a view of being human or human Being,that is,a normativeideal or goal of psychic health,which I will characterize as thecapacity to be alone with another,personal freedom or self-possession,and liberation from the need either to invade or tobe invaded.In this way,psychotherapy introduces to personal ex-perience what the concept of democracy introduces to politicalexperience:opposition to tyranny.Although rights of free speechand assembly are patently protected,with us still are the formsof inner and interpersonal control:destructiveness and surrender.A society in which psychological isolation and domination prevailmakes being human a rare and hazardous venture.  \nThe same point can be made from the perspective of evolution.The struggle for existence originally meant survival of offspring,passing on the genes.Existence also has a psychological meaning,as we learn poignantly when we see physical life continuing with-out the conditions necessary to sustain the inner sense of beingalive.Just as medicine became a powerful tool for the preservationof physical life against those species and adaptational defects in-imical to humans,so do psychiatry and psychology now battlefor our species'human existence.  \nThe evolutionary analogy illuminates how the contributions ofthe various psychiatric schools can be usefully integrated.Bio-logical and descriptive psychiatry identifies those threats to ex-istence that are responsive to drug therapy.Psychoanalysis looksat the difficulties in development that make a full existence pre-carious:the need for balancing the powerful forces strugglinginside the individual,the inevitabl","cbCaiiYFJV0RqYKp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiYFJV0RqYKp","pdf",11515942,1,216,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n## Therapeutic goals and human presence\n## Evolutionary perspective and integrating schools\n## Social dangers and conflicts within psychiatry","[{\"question\":\"What kinds of patient difficulties does the preface highlight?\",\"answer\":\"The preface describes people who feel their lives have no meaning or direction, who lack inner presence or a usable vision, and those who gain existence through invasion, manipulation, or imitation. It also notes cases of domination and submission, including when individuals do not recognize they are controlled.\"},{\"question\":\"What goals does the therapy aim to achieve?\",\"answer\":\"Therapy seeks to find the other, confirm and develop presence, manage social forces from inside and outside, and create or resolve conflict. It also emphasizes a model of psychic health grounded in the capacity to be alone with another and to avoid both invading and being invaded.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author connect psychotherapy to evolution and psychiatric schools?\",\"answer\":\"The preface uses an evolutionary analogy to show psychotherapy as part of a struggle for human existence. It suggests that biological/descriptive psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and object-relations/social interpersonal approaches can be integrated, while also explaining how these schools generate sectarian opposition under real clinical and social pressures.\"}]","Making Contact - uses of language in psychotherapy | PDF",1785663623,544,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"making-contact-uses-of-language-in-psychotherapy","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/making-contact-uses-of-language-in-psychotherapy/116714/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-02",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What kinds of patient difficulties does the preface highlight?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The preface describes people who feel their lives have no meaning or direction, who lack inner presence or a usable vision, and those who gain existence through invasion, manipulation, or imitation. It also notes cases of domination and submission, including when individuals do not recognize they are controlled.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What goals does the therapy aim to achieve?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Therapy seeks to find the other, confirm and develop presence, manage social forces from inside and outside, and create or resolve conflict. It also emphasizes a model of psychic health grounded in the capacity to be alone with another and to avoid both invading and being invaded.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does the author connect psychotherapy to evolution and psychiatric schools?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The preface uses an evolutionary analogy to show psychotherapy as part of a struggle for human existence. 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