[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663767-105":59,"doc-detail-663767-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","making-concrete-design-the-guideline-by-sven-backstein","Making Concrete Design - The Guideline by Sven Backstein","","Guideline describing concrete as a versatile design and artistic material, emphasizing its composition and behavior. Explains what concrete is, the difference in terminology with mortar, and how hydration, shrinkage, and aggregate action shape the setting process. Covers practical aspects such as air content, compaction using vibration, and how admixtures can modify processing properties and final strength. Provides setup and equipment guidance for a concrete workshop, including safety precautions, protective clothing, and basic tools.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":53,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/lifestyle/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/making-concrete-design-the-guideline-by-sven-backstein/663767/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/making-concrete-design-the-guideline-by-sven-backstein/663767.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"404brain","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is concrete considered attractive for artists and designers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Concrete offers wide design possibilities and can be used to create objects of many sizes, from small decorative items to large sculptures. It is also accessible through special prefabricated materials and provides an alternative to wood, ceramics, and metal.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the main components of concrete and how does it harden?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Concrete consists of water, cement, and aggregates (sand or gravel). Hydration in the cement paste transforms the liquid cement paste into solid cement stone, causing a certain shrinkage that aggregates help counteract.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does compaction affect concrete strength in practical processing?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Fresh concrete contains unintentionally introduced air. Expelling this air through compaction—typically using concrete vibrators—can improve subsequent concrete strength by allowing better flow into the mould.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663767,1793231361,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":52,"category_name":53,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},1099529839291,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Imprint  \nGuideline to Making Concrete Design  \n© 2022 Sven Backstein, [www.moertelshop.com](www.moertelshop.com)[ ](www.moertelshop.com)[Images](Images), [texts](texts), [typesetting and](typesetting and) layout: Sven Backstein  \nISBN 978-3-943039-05-4  \nLegal notice:  \nThis booklet including all its parts and illustrations is protected by copyright. Any use without the consent of the copyright holder is prohibited. This applies in particular to complete or partial reproductions, translations, microfilming and transfers to electronic systems.  \nThe information and advice published in this booklet have been carefully checked by the author and have been tested in practice. However, the practical implementation of what is described can only be done at one's own risk. Liability for damage to property and personal injury resulting from the use of the information provided is excluded.  \nSven Backstein  \nGuideline  \nMaking Concrete Design  \nMaking Concrete Design – The Guideline by Sven Backstein Page 4  \nWhy Concrete?  \nConcrete is not only a building material, but also an incredibly versatile material for artists and designers. It offers a wealth of design possibilities that make it increasingly attractive as an alternative to wood, ceramics and metal. The inexpensive availability of a large number of special prefabricated materials allows the creation of objects of almost any size, from small utilitarian and decorative objects to large sculptures.  \n[Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator](Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator) (free version).  \nThe whale house is a play and climbing object made of concrete. It was made of GRUMO basic mortar using the spraying technique and is lined with mosaic on the inside..  \nWhat Is Concrete?  \nConcrete is an artificially produced stone made of cement, water and aggregates (sand or gravel) . Instead of the aggregates, special concrete formulations can also contain other additives, such as wood chips, porous lightweight aggregates, hollow spheres or simply air. This is then referred to as wood chip concrete, lightweight concrete or concrete foam.  \nThe term mortar is also used synonymously with the term concrete. It is particularly common for wall plastering compounds or fine-grained grouting compounds. However, the distinction between the terms has no further significance with regard to practical use.  \nHow Concrete Works  \nAs already mentioned, concrete consists of three components: water, cement and aggregate. The two components water and cement form the so-called cement paste. The third component (sand, gravel or other aggregates) is called aggregate. It floats in the cement paste or is washed around by it and otherwise behaves largely passively.  \nThe setting and subsequent hardening of the concrete is caused by a chemical reaction that takes place in the cement paste. This process is called hydration. Hydration transforms the liquid cement paste into solid cement stone. This is associated with a certain shrinkage. The aggregates remain  \nMaking Concrete Design – The Guideline by Sven Backstein Page 5  \nunchanged during this process. Their task is to counteract the shrinkage to such an extent that no shrinkage cracks occur.  \nFreshly produced concrete always contains a certain amount of air, which is unintentionally introduced during mixing. The expulsion of this air can greatly improve the subsequent concrete strength. This process is called compaction and is usually done with concrete vibrators. They drive the air out of the concrete through vibration and allow it to flow readily into the mould. Of course, this is only possible with concretes that are processed by casting, which is why poured concrete can generally achieve better strength than concrete that is processed by mouldering, laminating or plastering techniques.  \nWith the help of admixtures and additives, which are added to the concrete in small quantities, the processing properties and the subsequent material behaviour c","cbCainimQNNBWQM3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainimQNNBWQM3","pdf",4588096,28,"English","# Why Concrete?\n# What Is Concrete?\n## Concrete composition\n## Mortar terminology\n# How Concrete Works\n## Cement paste and hydration\n## Air, compaction, and strength\n## Additives and usability\n# The Concrete Workshop\n## Workplace conditions\n# Equipment\n## Protective clothing and tools","[{\"question\":\"Why is concrete considered attractive for artists and designers?\",\"answer\":\"Concrete offers wide design possibilities and can be used to create objects of many sizes, from small decorative items to large sculptures. It is also accessible through special prefabricated materials and provides an alternative to wood, ceramics, and metal.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main components of concrete and how does it harden?\",\"answer\":\"Concrete consists of water, cement, and aggregates (sand or gravel). Hydration in the cement paste transforms the liquid cement paste into solid cement stone, causing a certain shrinkage that aggregates help counteract.\"},{\"question\":\"How does compaction affect concrete strength in practical processing?\",\"answer\":\"Fresh concrete contains unintentionally introduced air. Expelling this air through compaction—typically using concrete vibrators—can improve subsequent concrete strength by allowing better flow into the mould.\"}]","Making Concrete Design - The Guideline by Sven Backstein | PDF",43]