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To address these limitations, a magnetic hydrogel-assisted ESD approach was developed and evaluated against conventional ESD. Methods A magnet hydrogel was prepared using 0.5% sodium alginate, 1% CaCl2, and nano-Fe3O4, then tested in fresh isolated porcine colons. Results MHA-ESD shortened median dissection time and increased submucosal dissection speed versus conventional ESD. Conclusions MHA-ESD accelerates submucosal dissection, improves procedural efficiency, and reduces overall ESD difficulty.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/magnetic-hydrogel-assisted-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection-of-large-intestine-in-vitro-animal-experimental-study/450285/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/magnetic-hydrogel-assisted-endoscopic-submucosal-dissection-of-large-intestine-in-vitro-animal-experimental-study/450285.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-05","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does magnetic hydrogel-assisted ESD aim to solve compared with MAG-ESD?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It targets the need to withdraw and reinsert the endoscope during magnetic anchor placement in MAG-ESD, which prolongs operation time. The injected hydrogel is intended to avoid this step and improve convenience.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the magnetic hydrogel prepared for the in vitro animal study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The hydrogel was formed by configuring 0.5% sodium alginate, 1% CaCl2, and nano-Fe3O4 at ideal ratios to produce the magnet hydrogel.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the key findings in dissection time and speed?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"In porcine colon models, MHA-ESD reduced median submucosal dissection time and increased submucosal dissection speed compared with conventional ESD, with statistically significant differences.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},450285,1791000374,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","Techniques in Coloproctology (2026) 30:16 [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-025-03245-w](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-025-03245-w)  \nMagnetic hydrogel‑assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection of large intestine in vitro animal experimental study  \nC. Sun1 · X. Zhang1 · S. Huang1 · H. Sun1 · L. Chang1 · P. Xu1 · C. Li1 · Y. Zhang2 · X. Cui3 · Z. Xiao1 · R. Chen1 · M. Yu1 ·  \nY. Chen4  \nReceived: 21 December 2024 / Accepted: 16 October 2025 © The Author(s) 2025  \nAbstract  \nBackground Magnetic anchor-guided endoscopic submucosal dissection (MAG-ESD) has significant advantages in the treatment of difficult lesions (Mortagy et al. in World J Gastroenterol 23:2883–2890, 2017). However, the main problem of MAGESD is that the placement of the magnetic anchor in vivo often requires the withdrawal and reinsertion of the endoscope, which prolongs the operation time (Zhang et al. in Tech Coloproctol 27:679–683, 2023) . We introduced a novel technique, magnetic hydrogel-assisted ESD, and compared it with conventional ESD to explore its advantages and disadvantages. Methods We uniformly configured 0.5% sodium alginate (Sanchez-Ballester et al. in Carbohydr Polym 270:118399, 2021)(SA) solution, 1% CaCl2 solution and nano-Fe3O4 (Chen et al. in Electromagn Biol Med 34:309–316, 2015) to produce a magnet hydrogel with ideal ratios. Fresh isolated porcine colons were used as a model; these were divided into a magnetic hydrogel-assisted ESD group and conventional ESD group to assess whether magnetic hydrogel-assisted ESD was feasible and advantageous.  \nResults The median submucosal dissection time for magnetic hydrogel-assisted ESD (MHA-ESD) and conventional ESD was 15.13 min (IQR 11.21–19.05) and 17.89 min (IQR 13.74–22.04), respectively. The submucosal dissection time for MHAESD was significantly shorter compared to conventional ESD (P = 0.0368) . Similarly, the submucosal dissection speed for MHA-ESD and conventional ESD was 74.81 mm2/min (IQR 72 .18–80.39) and 60.86 mm2/min (IQR 58 .96–67.77), respectively. The MHA-ESD group demonstrated a significantly faster submucosal dissection speed compared to the conventional ESD group (P \u003C 0.001) .  \nConclusions Compared with conventional ESD, MHA-ESD significantly accelerates the speed of submucosal dissection, effectively improves surgical efficiency, and enhances procedural convenience, thereby reducing the overall difficulty of ESD.  \nKeywords Magnetic hydrogel · Endoscopic submucosal dissection · Magnetic anchor-guided endoscopic submucosal dissection · Colonic tumors · Magnetic surgery  \n* X. Zhang [zxycxw@sina.com](zxycxw@sina.com)  \n1 Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China  \n2 School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100000, China  \n3 Computer Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China  \n4 Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China  \nIntroduction  \nWith the widespread advancement of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy techniques, the detection rate of early-stage tumor lesions in the GI tract has increased significantly [1] . In China, the incidence rate of gastrointestinal cancers is oneof the highest among all types of cancers, and the incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer, in particular, are increasing year by year [2] . However, conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) procedures lack reverse traction, often leading to difficulties in submucosal visual field exposure, especially during colorectal ESD. In recent years, the emergence of magnetic anchor-guided endoscopic submucosal dissection (MAG-ESD) has solved these  \nproblems. It employs magnetic interactions in a non-contact manner to achieve precise control ","cbCaiidHzupcGuz8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiidHzupcGuz8","pdf",966845,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods","[{\"question\":\"What problem does magnetic hydrogel-assisted ESD aim to solve compared with MAG-ESD?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the need to withdraw and reinsert the endoscope during magnetic anchor placement in MAG-ESD, which prolongs operation time. The injected hydrogel is intended to avoid this step and improve convenience.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the magnetic hydrogel prepared for the in vitro animal study?\",\"answer\":\"The hydrogel was formed by configuring 0.5% sodium alginate, 1% CaCl2, and nano-Fe3O4 at ideal ratios to produce the magnet hydrogel.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings in dissection time and speed?\",\"answer\":\"In porcine colon models, MHA-ESD reduced median submucosal dissection time and increased submucosal dissection speed compared with conventional ESD, with statistically significant differences.\"}]","Magnetic hydrogel-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection of large intestine in vitro animal experimental study | PDF",1790732745,18]