[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-657144-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-657144-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","macromolecule-structure-and-function-reference-sheet-macromolecule-carbohydrate-tests-for-monosaccharides-and-starch","Macromolecule Structure and Function Reference Sheet - Macromolecule: Carbohydrate - Tests for Monosaccharides and Starch","","Macromolecule Structure and Function Reference Sheet explains carbohydrate and protein macromolecules with emphasis on composition, structure, and biological roles. Carbohydrates are described as monosaccharides and polysaccharides, including sucrose and polymers such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Procedures outline laboratory tests: Benedict’s solution for monosaccharides and iodine/Lugol’s reagent for starch, including steps, observations, and sample handling. Protein content is also summarized with peptide-bond polymers and Biuret-based color detection.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/macromolecule-structure-and-function-reference-sheet-macromolecule-carbohydrate-tests-for-monosaccharides-and-starch/657144/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/macromolecule-structure-and-function-reference-sheet-macromolecule-carbohydrate-tests-for-monosaccharides-and-starch/657144.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"FajarTechTalk","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What elements make up carbohydrates, and how do monosaccharides form larger carbohydrates?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monosaccharides combine to form larger carbohydrates such as disaccharides (e.g., sucrose) and polysaccharides.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How does Benedict’s solution indicate the presence of monosaccharides?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Benedict’s solution is blue and contains copper sulfate. When heated with glucose, copper sulfate reacts to form copper oxide, changing the solution to an orange-red color.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What test is used to detect starch, and what color change indicates a positive result?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Iodine (including Lugol’s iodine) undergoes a color change in the presence of starch. Starch-containing solutions turn dark purple or blackish.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},657144,1792974902,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":106,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":79,"read_time":143},962094249465,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Synthesis of Macromolecules  \nOrganization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms  \nMacromolecule Structure and Function Reference Sheet Macromolecule: Carbohydrate  \nThis macromolecule is composed of three common elements (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) in a 1:2:1 ratio. The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Simple sugars can combine to make larger carbohydrates, or polysaccharides. For example, the disaccharide sucrose, which is also known as table sugar, is made of two glucose molecules linked together. Many more glucose molecules can be linked together to make large polysaccharides, which are polymers of monosaccharides. Foods contain carbohydrate monomers, such as glucose and fructose, and carbohydrate polymers, such as starch. Plants and animals synthesize different polymers to store glucose for their cells to use when they need energy. Animals store glucose in glycogen polymers. Plants store glucose in starch and cellulose polymers. A starch polymer is composed of many glucose monomers. Scientists can identify various carbohydrates in breads, pastas, fruits, vegetables, and candies. The ingestion of carbohydrates supplies the body with its primary source of energy at a rate of 4 calories per gram of carbohydrate.  \n(C6 H 12O6)  \nPolysaccharide – Starch (C6 H 10O5)n  \nSynthesis of Macromolecules  \nOrganization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms  \nMacromolecule Structure and Function Reference Sheet Macromolecule: Carbohydrate, continued  \nTest for Monosaccharides – Procedure:  \nBenedict's solution is used to test for simple carbohydrates, or monosaccharides, like glucose. Benedict's solution is a blue liquid that contains copper sulfate. When Benedict's solution and glucose are combined and heated, the copper sulfate will react with glucose to create copper oxide, and change the color to an orange-red. If glucose is not present, then the reaction will not take place.  \n1. Put on safety goggles and a lab apron.  \n2. Using a separate pipette for each solution, add 1 mL of Sample A into test tube A1, and 1 mL of sample B into test tube B1 . Add 1 mL of distilled water into one of the test tubes labeled Water.  \n3. Place the test tubes into the test tube rack and add 1 mL (20 drops) of Benedict’s solution to each.  \n4. Carefully place each test tube in the hot water bath and heat for 2 to 3 minutes.  \n5. Remove the test tubes from the hot water bath using test tube tongs and place them back into the test tube rack.  \n6. Record your observations in your Student Journal.  \nTest for Starch – Procedure:  \nIodine is a chemical element that undergoes a color change in the presence of starch. If starch is present in a solution or food, the drops of iodine will change to a dark purple or blackish color. A solution that changes color can be confirmed as a starch solution.  \n1. Using a separate pipette for each solution, add 1 mL of Sample A into test tube A2, and 1 mL of sample B into test tube B2 . Add 1 mL of distilled water into the other test tube labeled Water. Be careful not to cross-contaminate the solutions.  \n2. Place test tubes into the test tube rack and add 2-3 drops of Lugol’s iodine to each test tube.  \n3. Record your observations in your Student Journal.  \n4. Dispose of the materials in the test tubes according to your teacher’s directions. Rinse, clean, and dry the test tubes.  \nSynthesis of Macromolecules  \nOrganization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms  \nMacromolecule Structure and Function Reference Sheet Macromolecule: Protein  \nA protein is a polymer made of monomers called amino acids. Proteins are composed of five basic elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Amino acids are composed of an amine group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain group that varies among different types of amino acids. Amino acids link together via peptide bonds to create polymers that can fold into three-dimensional structures. Proteins derive their functions from the t","cbCaibzqndye5D7f","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibzqndye5D7f","pdf",418655,"English","# Synthesis of Macromolecules\n## Macromolecule: Carbohydrate\n### Structure, function, and energy value\n### Test for Monosaccharides – Benedict’s solution procedure\n### Test for Starch – iodine/Lugol’s procedure\n## Macromolecule: Protein\n### Structure, function, and energy value\n### Test for Proteins – Biuret reagent procedure","[{\"question\":\"What elements make up carbohydrates, and how do monosaccharides form larger carbohydrates?\",\"answer\":\"Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monosaccharides combine to form larger carbohydrates such as disaccharides (e.g., sucrose) and polysaccharides.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Benedict’s solution indicate the presence of monosaccharides?\",\"answer\":\"Benedict’s solution is blue and contains copper sulfate. When heated with glucose, copper sulfate reacts to form copper oxide, changing the solution to an orange-red color.\"},{\"question\":\"What test is used to detect starch, and what color change indicates a positive result?\",\"answer\":\"Iodine (including Lugol’s iodine) undergoes a color change in the presence of starch. Starch-containing solutions turn dark purple or blackish.\"}]","Macromolecule Structure and Function Reference Sheet - Macromolecule: Carbohydrate - Tests for Monosaccharides and Starch | PDF",18]