[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122691-en":3,"doc-seo-122691-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122691,962075006959,"Anda","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297",8,"Research & Report","Machine Learning Techniques - Detection and Prediction of Glaucoma - A Systematic Review","Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent blindness, yet many patients remain unaware of the condition because early stages often lack symptoms. Clinical evaluation of progression through expert examination of retinal structures is time-consuming and manual. A systematic review analyzes automated glaucoma detection and prediction approaches using machine learning and deep learning, reviewing over 100 articles and summarizing methods, objectives, performance, advantages, and disadvantages, to identify the most accurate techniques for future improvement.","Machine Learning Techniques, Detection and Prediction of Glaucoma– A Systematic Review  \n*1Jincy C Mathew, 2V. Ilango, 3V. Asha  \n*1Research scholar, VTU Phd Belgaum, Department of MCA, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India.  \nEmail: [jincycm@newhorizonindia.edu](jincycm@newhorizonindia.edu)  \n2Professor, Department of Computer Application,  \nCMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560037, India.  \nEmail: [ilango.v@cmrit.ac.in](ilango.v@cmrit.ac.in)  \n3Professor & Head, Department of MCA, New Horizon College of  \nEngineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India.  \n[Email: v_asha@live.com](Email: v_asha@live.com)  \nAbstract-Globally, glaucoma is the most common factor in both permanent blindness and impairment. However, the majority of patients are unaware they have the condition, and clinical practise continues to face difficulties in detecting glaucoma progression using current technology. An expert ophthalmologist examines the retinal portion of the eye to see how the glaucoma is progressing. This method is quite time-consuming, and doing it manually takes more time. Therefore, using deep learning and machine learning techniques, this problem can be resolved by automatically diagnosing glaucoma. This systematic review involved a comprehensive analysis of various automated glaucoma prediction and detection techniques. More than 100 articles on Machine learning (ML) techniques with understandable graph and tabular column are reviewed considering summery, method, objective, performance, advantages and disadvantages. In the ML techniques such as support vector machine (SVM), and K-means. Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm are widely used in glaucoma detection and prediction. Through the systematic review, the most accurate technique to detect and predict glaucoma can be determined which can be utilized for future betterment.  \nKeywords: Glaucoma detection and prediction, Image processing, Machine learning.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nThe term \"glaucoma\" refers to a variety of conditions that all result in the progressive degeneration of the optic nerve, which progressively worsens vision and eventually renders a person blind [1-4]. The progression of retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma is accompanied by contraction of the visual field (VF), as well as distinctive alterations in the neuroretinal rim tissue in the optic nerve head (ONH) [5-7] . Glaucoma continues to be the biggest cause of permanent blindness in the world despite the existence of viable therapies. By the year 2040, 111.8 million individuals are predicted to have glaucoma, with those in Asia and Africa being disproportionately affected [8- 9] . The majority of glaucoma patients are unaware they have the condition because it usually has no symptoms in the early stages. However, early detection and intervention can help reduce visual loss caused by glaucoma [10-13] . Thus, early glaucoma detection is crucial and may be enhanced by the introduction of novel screening, diagnostic, and change monitoring tools [14-15] . Aqueous fluid leakage and optic nerve injury increase the eye's intraocular pressure (IOP), which prevents information from the eye from reaching the brain [16] .  \nThe greatest cause of permanent blindness in the world, glaucoma is also linked to a lower quality of life. Risk factors include advanced myopia, frailty, gender, genetics, age, family history, systemic hypotension, smoking, race, systemic hypertension, vasospasm, use of systemic or topical medications, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, migraine, and most significantly, a high IOP. [17-21] .  \nAlthough there are many different kinds of glaucoma, openangle and angle-closure glaucoma are the two basic classifications [22-24] . The patient may experience increasing and rising vision impairment in the later stages of the disease, usually more so in one eye than the other, when the optic nerve has advanced degeneration and there is severe visual loss. Additional","cbCaid3C1sFLW7IY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid3C1sFLW7IY","pdf",919415,1,27,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Glaucoma overview and impact\n## Risk factors and classification\n## Open-angle glaucoma\n## Angle-closure glaucoma","[{\"question\":\"Why is early glaucoma detection important?\",\"answer\":\"Early detection and intervention can reduce visual loss by addressing progression before significant vision impairment occurs.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the two main classifications of glaucoma mentioned?\",\"answer\":\"Open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma are described as the two basic classifications.\"},{\"question\":\"How are machine learning techniques used in glaucoma detection and prediction?\",\"answer\":\"Automated systems based on machine learning and deep learning analyze retinal information to diagnose glaucoma progression more efficiently than manual clinical examination.\"}]","Machine Learning Techniques - Detection and Prediction of Glaucoma - A Systematic Review | PDF",1785812270,68,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"machine-learning-techniques-detection-and-prediction-of-glaucoma-a-systematic-review","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/machine-learning-techniques-detection-and-prediction-of-glaucoma-a-systematic-review/122691/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why is early glaucoma detection important?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Early detection and intervention can reduce visual loss by addressing progression before significant vision impairment occurs.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What are the two main classifications of glaucoma mentioned?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma are described as the two basic classifications.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How are machine learning techniques used in glaucoma detection and prediction?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Automated systems based on machine learning and deep learning analyze retinal information to diagnose glaucoma progression more efficiently than manual clinical examination.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]