[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122996-en":3,"doc-seo-122996-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122996,2336464648322,"Aria","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488",8,"Research & Report","Machine Learning-Guided Discovery of Gas Evolving Electrode Bubble Inactivation - Supplementary Information","Supplementary Information for the Nanoscale study on gas-evolving electrode bubble inactivation presents experimental materials, electrochemical setups, and detailed imaging procedures. It defines electrode fabrication using Pt sputter deposition on textured/nanospot silicon wafers, characterizes cell geometry for unobstructed top-down bubble imaging, and synchronizes video frames with chronopotentiometric timing via a millisecond trigger. Electrochemical measurements use a three-electrode system to run Pt-catalyzed OER in 0.5 M H2SO4 with defined cycling, anodic cleaning, and sequential chronopotentiometry under controlled current densities.","Supplementary Information (SI) for Nanoscale.  \nThis journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2024  \nSupporting Information for  \nMachine Learning-Guided Discovery of Gas Evolving Electrode Bubble Inactivation  \nJack R. Lake † 1, Simon Rufer † 1, Jim James 2, Nathan Pruyne 2, Aristana Scourtas 2,3, Marcus Schwarting4, AaditAmbadkar 2, Ian Foster 3,4, Ben Blaiszik 2,3, Kripa K. Varanasi 1 *  \n1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA  \n2 Globus, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  \n3 Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA  \n4 Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637,  \nUSA  \n† Authors contributed equally  \nAUTHOR INFORMATION  \nCorresponding Author  \n*[E-mail: ](E-mail: varanasi@mit.edu)[varanasi@mit.edu](E-mail: varanasi@mit.edu)  \nThis PDF file includes:  \nFigures S1 – S6  \nTable S1  \nVideo captions SV1, SV2A, SV2B, SV3  \nExperimental Materials and Methods Detail  \n§1. Materials  \n§1.1. Electrochemical Testing Materials  \nFor all electrochemical experiments, the following electrodes were used: counter electrodes were constructed from high purity platinum wire (99.997%) of 0.5 mm diameter which were purchased from Fisher Scientific, low-profile Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrodes which were purchased from Pine Research Instrumentation, and working Platinum electrodes were fabricated  \nas described herein. For all tests, an acidic electrolyte was used, purchased as a standard solution of 0.5 M sulfuric acid from Fisher Scientific.  \n§1.2. Pt Working Electrode Fabrication Materials  \nWorking Pt electrodes were fabricated using p-type \u003C100> orientation silicon wafers purchased from WaferNet as the starting substrates for cleanroom processing. For Pt sputter deposition, a Pt target (99.99%) was used from Kurt Lesker. See section 4.2 for further details.  \n§2. Experimental Setup and Imaging  \n§2.1. Electrochemical Cell  \nA custom fabricated Teflon electrochemical cell was used for all electrochemical testing, shown schematically in Figure 1A. The Ag/AgCl reference and Pt counter electrode are placed such that an unobstructed view of the Pt working electrode from the top down is possible. The electrochemical cell is placed beneath an upright microscope (Zeiss Axio Zoom) equipped with a camera for imaging bubble evolution. The electrochemical cell is open to the ambient air such the working Pt electrode can be directly imaged from top down through the electrolyte.  \n§2.2. Synchronous Imaging  \nIn order to draw insights on the relationship between instantaneous bubble coverage and potential, temporal alignment of the recorded videos and chronopotentiometric data is required. A one millisecond duration square wave generated by the external digital output of the Potentiostat at the start of the experiment was used as a trigger. This signal was received by an Arduino, which then transmitted a trigger signal to the camera to begin recording. Given the one millisecond signal duration and the Arduino reading and transmission time of a few milliseconds, temporal alignment is expected to within approximately five milliseconds. All videos are recorded at 60 frames per  \nsecond.  \n§3. Electrochemical Measurements  \nAll electrochemical experiments were carried out using a three-electrode setup and a potentiostat/galvanostat, purchased from Biologic (VSP-150), to accurately measure and control current and potential. The model electrochemical reaction used throughout this work was Ptcatalyzed OER in an acidic electrolyte of 0.5 M sulfuric acid. All experiments followed the same order of first cycling Pt working electrodes between-0.2 V and 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 16 cycles, followed by anodic cleaning of the Pt working electrode by chronoamperometry for 1 minute atan applied potential of 2.2 V vs. Ag/","cbCait1FCwkZCis6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait1FCwkZCis6","pdf",994411,1,18,"English","en",105,"# §1. Materials\n## §1.1. Electrochemical Testing Materials\n## §1.2. Pt Working Electrode Fabrication Materials\n# §2. Experimental Setup and Imaging\n## §2.1. Electrochemical Cell\n## §2.2. Synchronous Imaging\n# §3. Electrochemical Measurements\n# §4. Pt Working Electrode Fabrication & Characterization\n## §4.1. Electrode Texturing\n## §4.2. Patterning Pt Active Electrodes using Photolithography","[{\"question\":\"What electrode components and electrolyte are used for the electrochemical experiments?\",\"answer\":\"The experiments use high-purity platinum wire as counter electrodes, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and fabricated Pt working electrodes. An acidic electrolyte of 0.5 M sulfuric acid is used.\"},{\"question\":\"How are video recordings synchronized with chronopotentiometric data?\",\"answer\":\"A 1 ms square-wave trigger from the potentiostat starts the experiment, which is received by an Arduino and then sent to the camera to begin recording. Temporal alignment is expected within about five milliseconds.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the overall electrochemical measurement workflow described in the supplement?\",\"answer\":\"Pt working electrodes are cycled between -0.2 V and 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 16 cycles, followed by anodic cleaning via chronoamperometry at 2.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 1 minute. Chronopotentiometry then runs sequentially for each tested current density, without iR-compensation.\"}]","Machine Learning-Guided Discovery of Gas Evolving Electrode Bubble Inactivation - Supplementary Information | PDF",1785814085,45,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"machine-learning-guided-discovery-of-gas-evolving-electrode-bubble-inactivation-supplementary-information","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/machine-learning-guided-discovery-of-gas-evolving-electrode-bubble-inactivation-supplementary-information/122996/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What electrode components and electrolyte are used for the electrochemical experiments?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The experiments use high-purity platinum wire as counter electrodes, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and fabricated Pt working electrodes. An acidic electrolyte of 0.5 M sulfuric acid is used.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How are video recordings synchronized with chronopotentiometric data?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"A 1 ms square-wave trigger from the potentiostat starts the experiment, which is received by an Arduino and then sent to the camera to begin recording. Temporal alignment is expected within about five milliseconds.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What is the overall electrochemical measurement workflow described in the supplement?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Pt working electrodes are cycled between -0.2 V and 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 16 cycles, followed by anodic cleaning via chronoamperometry at 2.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 1 minute. Chronopotentiometry then runs sequentially for each tested current density, without iR-compensation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]