[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-119606-en":3,"doc-seo-119606-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},119606,1099514068365,"Aurelia","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?_k=1776742907772140068",8,"Research & Report","Machine learning based on a generative adversarial tri-model","Machine learning paradigm GAT（generative adversarial tri-model）integrates analytical knowledge into neural networks through a positive-sum game strategy. The approach addresses failures of pure ML models to satisfy fundamental physical laws in engineering contexts. GAT is implemented for ODE problems with constraints, with a strict error bound proved for initial-constraint settings. The method is applied to human body oscillation recovery from balance sensor measurements and validated through human experiments, demonstrating theoretical and experimental reliability.","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nMachine learning based on a generative adversarial tri-model  \nSong Wang1􀀍, Ning Xi1 & Zhengfang Zhou2  \nThis paper proposes a novel machine learning paradigm called the generative adversarial tri-model (GAT) to incorporate analytical knowledge into neural networks through a unique positive-sum game strategy. The motivation is to solve the problem that pure machine learning models fail to obey the fundamental governing laws of physics in engineering fields. The GAT method is successfully implemented to solve ODE (ordinary differential equation) problems with various constraints. A strict error bound is proven for initial-constraint problems, which certifies its reliability. The real-world significance of the GAT method is reflected by its application to a human body oscillation recovery problem, based on balance sensor measurements, which is critical for human balancing evaluation, yet unresolved after massive precedent research work. Further human experiment results prove the effectiveness of the GAT method. Both theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the GAT method is useful and reliable. It envisions great scalability for wider applications and adaptions prospect.  \nKeywords GAT method, PINN, DEDS, Nonlinear ODE, Human balancing evaluation  \nHuman balance is defined as the body’s ability to maintain its center of gravity within the base of support formed by feet1, which is a basic physiological function. Being able to keep balance is fundamental for us to perform daily activities, such as standing and walking. Maintaining balance requires sensory inputs from our visual system, proprioceptive system and vestibular system2, as well as the coordination within our motion control system comprised of brain, spine, muscle, etc. Lots offactors can lead to deterioration of balance ability, such as aging3, alcohol4, drugs5, limb pain6 and brain injury7. Poor balance can make our everyday life difficult and even induce falls, which account for a variety of injuries and disabilities. Especially for the elderly, falls incur billions of medical cost every year8.  \nBalance test has been widely used to evaluate human balance ability in medical diagnosis activities which can check for potential balance disorders, and what is causing it. For example, it can act as a non-invasive tool to provide important information for diagnosing neural diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease9 and stroke10. For other diseases diagnosis like migraine11, Meniere’s disease12 and so on, it can play a helpful role as well. In addition, it can assist in detecting mild cerebral injury13 without obvious physical lesion like concussion14 which cannot be diagnosed with CT scan. The detection of subtle abnormalities in balance ability is necessary not only for early diagnosis but for accurate assessment of rehabilitation progress15. Apart from medical usages, balance test can also be used in law-enforcement scenarios, like identifying drunk drivers and drug addicts16. When it comes to sports, balance test can also serve many purposes, such as risk identification of ankle sprains17 and sports talent identification and selection18.  \nWith all these benefits of balance test, researchers have already developed various balancing evaluation methods, which can be roughly categorized as either human-scoring or machine-scoring. Typical humanscoring methods include Romberg test19,20, OLST method21, Tinetti test22 and so on. A common characteristic of these methods is that there must be a human evaluator to give scores for testees’ performance on each task, so the result is hard to avoid being subjective. Machine-scoring methods are based on balance testers which originate from 197623. With a balance tester, the pressure distribution under feet can be recorded when testee standing. Traditionally, most human balancing evaluations are based on CoP (center of pressure) measurements24, such ","cbCaivHuask6HPjw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivHuask6HPjw","pdf",7786966,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Human balance and its medical relevance\n## Balance tests and scoring approaches\n## Center of pressure vs. center of gravity\n# Proposed GAT method and problem formulation","[{\"question\":\"What is the generative adversarial tri-model (GAT) designed to do?\",\"answer\":\"GAT incorporates analytical knowledge into neural networks using a unique positive-sum game strategy, targeting physical-law compliance in engineering-oriented ML tasks.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the GAT method help with ODE problems?\",\"answer\":\"GAT is applied to solve constrained ODEs and provides a strict error bound for initial-constraint problems to support reliability.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the human body oscillation recovery task important, and how is it handled?\",\"answer\":\"Recovering body oscillation motion from balance sensor measurements is critical for human balancing evaluation and unresolved in prior work; GAT reconstructs CoG motion from CoP while preserving kinetic properties, with results supported by human experiments.\"}]","Machine learning based on a generative adversarial tri-model | PDF",1785725268,38,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"machine-learning-based-on-a-generative-adversarial-tri-model","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/machine-learning-based-on-a-generative-adversarial-tri-model/119606/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04","2026-08-03",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What is the generative adversarial tri-model (GAT) designed to do?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"GAT incorporates analytical knowledge into neural networks using a unique positive-sum game strategy, targeting physical-law compliance in engineering-oriented ML tasks.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the GAT method help with ODE problems?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"GAT is applied to solve constrained ODEs and provides a strict error bound for initial-constraint problems to support reliability.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Why is the human body oscillation recovery task important, and how is it handled?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Recovering body oscillation motion from balance sensor measurements is critical for human balancing evaluation and unresolved in prior work; GAT reconstructs CoG motion from CoP while preserving kinetic properties, with results supported by human experiments.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]