[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-120970-en":3,"doc-seo-120970-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},120970,137441390410,"Hazel","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984",8,"Research & Report","Machine learning approach for classification of REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts for fenton-like reaction - Research summary","Various heterogeneous REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts were designed and evaluated using machine learning to enable clustering and classification based on catalytic performance. Rare earth elements (lanthanum, praseodymium, cerium) were introduced into FAU or MFI zeolite supports via ion exchange or impregnation, and activity was tested in Fenton-like degradation of tartrazine and indigo carmine in aqueous solution. Catalysts achieved Tar degradation >80% and IC 95%. Unsupervised PCA and K-means identified patterns, while supervised models classified catalysts by dye removal capability.","Chemical Engineering Science 285 (2024) 119571  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemical Engineering Science  \njournal [homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ces](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ces)  \n| Machine learning approach for classification of REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts for   fenton-like reaction\u003Cbr>´Oscar Barros a, b, *, Pier Parpot a, b, Elisabetta Rombi c, Teresa Tavares a, d, Isabel C. Neves a, b\u003Cbr>a CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal\u003Cbr>b CQUM, Centre of Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal c Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, University of Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy d LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimar˜aes, Portugal |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Rare earth elements Zeolite\u003Cbr>Fenton-like reaction Degradation Machine Learning |  | Various heterogeneous catalysts based on rare earth elements (REE) and iron supported on zeolites were selected and analyzed using machine learning approaches. REE were used in the preparation of multiple REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts with lanthanum, praseodymium or cerium obtained by ion exchange or impregnation methods, using FAU or MFI structures as supports. The efficiency of these REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts was examined in Fenton-like reaction, in the degradation of tartrazine (Tar) and indigo carmine (IC) as selected organic pollutants in the aqueous solution. The REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts demonstrated outstanding performance, with Tar being degraded by over 80% and IC 95%. Machine learning algorithms were employed for clustering and classification of the different catalysts, based on their performance. Unsupervised learning algorithms like Principal Component Analysis and K-Means were used for pattern recognition while supervised classifiers were employed to classify the heterogeneous catalysts, considering their ability to degrade dyes by Fenton reaction. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nRare earth elements (REE) are widely used due to their diversified properties such as optical, electrical, metallurgical, catalytic and magnetic (An et al., 2013; Çelik et al., 2015; Negrea et al., 2018; Unal Yesiller et al., 2013), allowing different daily applications (Balaram, 2019; Rostami et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2016). Due to the extensive demand and price, their reutilization is important, but the recycling technology is still in the early stages (Barros et al., 2019; Guti´errez-Guti´errez et al., 2015; Lyman, and Palmer, 1993; Otto and Wojtalewicz-Kasprzak, 2014; Yang et al., 2013). The hardship in REE recycling is mainly due to the complexity of the process and to the very different amounts of those elements in the end products, ranging from mg to kg (Binnemans et al., 2013).  \nThe application of REE in catalysis is gaining attention, as there is a strong interest in designing and developing new heterogeneous catalysts, especially sustainable and cost-effective ones (Zheng et al., 2022). The definition of a heterogeneous catalyst loaded with recovered REE can be a key-factor for redox reactions applied in environment rehabilitation. Furthermore, these new catalysts can be applied in advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for wastewater treatment (Giannakis et al.,  \n2015; Miklos et al., 2018; Sievers, 2011; Zheng et al., 2022). Zeolites, which have been reported as suitable supports (Assila et al., 2023; Barros et al., 2019; Mosai et al., 2019; Mosai and Tutu, 2021), are inorganic crystalline microporous aluminosilicates (Li and Yu, 2021; Sable et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2007). They have been used in many catalytic reactions for the production of high-value chemicals (Xu et al., 2007), including Fenton reactions (Gonzalez-Olmos et al., 2012; Sable et al., 2021). The Fenton reaction is a process that utilizes hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) and iron to degr","cbCaihUzrhA34xoP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihUzrhA34xoP","pdf",3261351,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Catalysts and supports (REE/Fe-zeolites)\n# Fenton-like degradation of organic dyes\n# Machine learning for clustering and classification","[{\"question\":\"How were the REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts prepared in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Rare earth elements (lanthanum, praseodymium, or cerium) were incorporated into FAU or MFI zeolites using ion exchange or impregnation methods, alongside iron-based components to obtain heterogeneous REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts.\"},{\"question\":\"Which organic pollutants were used to evaluate catalytic efficiency?\",\"answer\":\"Tartrazine (Tar) and indigo carmine (IC) were used as representative organic pollutants in aqueous solutions to assess degradation performance under Fenton-like reaction conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"What machine learning methods were used for analyzing catalyst performance?\",\"answer\":\"Unsupervised learning used PCA and K-means for pattern recognition, while supervised classifiers were applied to classify heterogeneous catalysts according to their dye degradation performance.\"}]","Machine learning approach for classification of REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts for fenton-like reaction - Research summary | PDF",1785733115,33,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"machine-learning-approach-for-classification-of-reefe-zeolite-catalysts-for-fenton-like-reaction-research-summary","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/machine-learning-approach-for-classification-of-reefe-zeolite-catalysts-for-fenton-like-reaction-research-summary/120970/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-03",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How were the REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts prepared in this study?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Rare earth elements (lanthanum, praseodymium, or cerium) were incorporated into FAU or MFI zeolites using ion exchange or impregnation methods, alongside iron-based components to obtain heterogeneous REE/Fe-zeolite catalysts.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Which organic pollutants were used to evaluate catalytic efficiency?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Tartrazine (Tar) and indigo carmine (IC) were used as representative organic pollutants in aqueous solutions to assess degradation performance under Fenton-like reaction conditions.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What machine learning methods were used for analyzing catalyst performance?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Unsupervised learning used PCA and K-means for pattern recognition, while supervised classifiers were applied to classify heterogeneous catalysts according to their dye degradation performance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]